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This paper compliments the Kim et al. (2011) study, and disclosure literature in general, by investigating the extent to which corporate tax avoidance influences the timelines of the annual earnings announcement. In a sample consisting of 16,340 firm-year observations spanning the period 1993–2010, evidence is presented suggesting higher levels of corporate tax avoidance, manifested through larger temporary and permanent book-tax differences, results in a less timely annual earnings announcement. This result is robust to including several control variables used in prior empirical work, such as the sign and magnitude of the earnings surprise at the announcement date, size, auditor-related influences, financial condition, leverage, shareholder composition, capital intensity and financial reporting aggressiveness. We also investigate whether greater levels of tax avoidance results in less informative earnings announcements by examining the earnings response coefficients (‘‘ERCs’’) surrounding the annual earnings announcement date. Evidence suggests a lower earnings response coefficient for the 3 day window surrounding the annual earnings announcement for firms with greater exhibited tax avoidance during the most recent fiscal year (relative to firms with moderate levels of tax avoidance). This suggests earnings are generally more informative in the short window surrounding the annual earnings announcement date for firms with less tax avoidance during the previous fiscal year, complementing Ayers et al. (2009). Our study also offers practical relevance to the debate over book-tax conformity (Hanlon and Heitzman 2010; Atwood et al. 2010) by documenting that a potential ‘hidden cost’ associated with reduced book-tax conformity (i.e., greater book-tax differences) is a less timely and less informative annual earnings announcement. The rest of this paper proceeds as follows. Section 2 reviews the previous literature in earnings announcement timing and tax avoidance that motivates the current study. Section 3 presents the sample selection criteria, tax avoidance proxies and research design. Section 4 presents results and Sect. 5 briefly concludes.
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