CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHOD3.1 Resea

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design
This research belong to descriptive research. Gay (1987:189) says that the descriptive research involves collecting data to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject. Then, Ghait (2006:14) states that descriptive research is also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Although the data is factual, accurate and systematic, the research can not be describe the cause or situations.
According Marcyk and Festinger (2005:16) descriptive method refers to process of defining, clasifying or categorizing phenomena of intevert. It useful because it can provide important information regarding the average number of a group. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristic of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer question about how, when, why the characterisitc occured, rather it addresses the “what” question.
Patricia and Hassan (2006:313) states that the description is used for frequencies average and other statistical calculation. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research is to conduct a survey investigation. Qualitative reseacrh often has the aim of description and researcher may follow-up with examinations of why the observation exist and what the implication of the findings are. This research has design to find out the students’ skill in write procedure text.


3.2 Population and Sample
1. Population
According to Gay (1987: 101), population is the group to which the researcher would like the result of the study to be generalized. The population of this research is the second year students of Ekasakti Padang in academic year 2013/2014. The researcher chose them as the population because they have studied procedural text.
Gay (1987:101) states that sampling is the process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in such a way that those individuals represent a larger group from which they are selected. The sample is only a part of the population. Gay (1987:103) adds that a good sample is representative of the population from which it is selected. So, the population of this research is the students in SMA Ekasakti Padang.

2.Sample
The selection of the subject conduct through a sampling technique. Among the available sampling techniques, the researcher use the proportional stratified random sampling technique for its practicality. Gay (1987: 114) states that for descriptive research, a sample of 10 % of the population is consider minimum. The researcher choose 40 students in second year of SMA Ekasakti Padang as sample in this research.


3.3 Instrumentation
The instrument used to collect the data in this research was writing test in the form of procedure text. It was in the form of procedure text in 90 minutes.
There were five topics that must be write by the students:
How to wash a car
How to make cheese omelet
How to play the hole game
How to cook fried rice
How to create facebook account
The students ask to write sentences into a good procedure text. It means that the students had to rewrite the sentences into a good text in the answer sheet.
The researcher do a try out of the test to the students out of the sample before giving the test. It use to test the students’ understanding toward the instruction of the test or not and to know whether the allocation of time is sufficient or not for the students (90 minutes). After she tried out the instrument to the students, the students finish the test in less than 60 minutes. Therefore, the researcher reduce the time allocation of the test into 60 minutes.
A good test might be valid and reliable. It means that a test is valid if it measures what is suppose to be measure. In order to see the validity of the test, the researcher use content validity. Arikunto (2002: 67) states that one of the characteristic of test validity is content validity. It means that, the test is valid if it fixes with the materials that have been given to the students. So, in constructing the test, it must be based on the curriculum, syllabus, and teaching materials.
Then, to see the reliability of the test, the researcher use test and retest. First, the researcher gave the test to the students. Then, after a week the researcher would retest the same students using the same question sheets. The researcher counted the coefficient correlation of two scores
In fact, after giving test and retest to the students, the researcher found the efficient correlation of the scores. It means the test was reliable and could be used as instruments for the research.
3.4 Technique of Collecting Data
The data of this research was students’ score on write procedure text. To gather the data, the researcher did the following procedures:
Content analysis : coding for pattern (i,e. Pattern recognition) accross subject
The researcher gave score based on the following criteria in table 3. 1 below:
Table 3. 1: The Criteria in Giving Score
Text Kind of Test Components Score
Procedure Text Writing test The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the eighth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the seventh sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the sixth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fifth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fourth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the third sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence and the second sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) and the first sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) was correct.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were wrong. 20



18



16



14



12



10



8




6


4


2


0

There were 5 title of procedure texts. The highest possible score was 100 and the lowest possible score was 0.
c. The researcher counted the total score of each student.
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data
In analyzing data, the researcher used the following procedures:
Presenting the raw score.
Calculating Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (SD)
To calculate mean and standard deviation, the researcher used the following formulas:

Where:
M = Mean
∑X = the total score of students
N = number of the sample

SD =√(〖∑x〗^2/N- {(∑x)/N}^2 )
Where:
SD = Standard Deviation
∑X = the total of X
∑X2 = the total of X2
Calculating the students’ ability into high, moderate and low ability. The researcher used criteria below:
>M + 1 SD : High ability
Between (M – 1 SD) until (M + 1 SD) : Moderate ability

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHOD3.1 Research DesignThis research belong to descriptive research. Gay (1987:189) says that the descriptive research involves collecting data to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject. Then, Ghait (2006:14) states that descriptive research is also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Although the data is factual, accurate and systematic, the research can not be describe the cause or situations.According Marcyk and Festinger (2005:16) descriptive method refers to process of defining, clasifying or categorizing phenomena of intevert. It useful because it can provide important information regarding the average number of a group. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristic of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer question about how, when, why the characterisitc occured, rather it addresses the “what” question.Patricia and Hassan (2006:313) states that the description is used for frequencies average and other statistical calculation. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research is to conduct a survey investigation. Qualitative reseacrh often has the aim of description and researcher may follow-up with examinations of why the observation exist and what the implication of the findings are. This research has design to find out the students’ skill in write procedure text.3.2 Population and Sample1. Population According to Gay (1987: 101), population is the group to which the researcher would like the result of the study to be generalized. The population of this research is the second year students of Ekasakti Padang in academic year 2013/2014. The researcher chose them as the population because they have studied procedural text. Gay (1987:101) states that sampling is the process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in such a way that those individuals represent a larger group from which they are selected. The sample is only a part of the population. Gay (1987:103) adds that a good sample is representative of the population from which it is selected. So, the population of this research is the students in SMA Ekasakti Padang.2.Sample The selection of the subject conduct through a sampling technique. Among the available sampling techniques, the researcher use the proportional stratified random sampling technique for its practicality. Gay (1987: 114) states that for descriptive research, a sample of 10 % of the population is consider minimum. The researcher choose 40 students in second year of SMA Ekasakti Padang as sample in this research.3.3 Instrumentation The instrument used to collect the data in this research was writing test in the form of procedure text. It was in the form of procedure text in 90 minutes. There were five topics that must be write by the students: How to wash a car How to make cheese omelet How to play the hole game How to cook fried rice How to create facebook account The students ask to write sentences into a good procedure text. It means that the students had to rewrite the sentences into a good text in the answer sheet.The researcher do a try out of the test to the students out of the sample before giving the test. It use to test the students’ understanding toward the instruction of the test or not and to know whether the allocation of time is sufficient or not for the students (90 minutes). After she tried out the instrument to the students, the students finish the test in less than 60 minutes. Therefore, the researcher reduce the time allocation of the test into 60 minutes.A good test might be valid and reliable. It means that a test is valid if it measures what is suppose to be measure. In order to see the validity of the test, the researcher use content validity. Arikunto (2002: 67) states that one of the characteristic of test validity is content validity. It means that, the test is valid if it fixes with the materials that have been given to the students. So, in constructing the test, it must be based on the curriculum, syllabus, and teaching materials.Then, to see the reliability of the test, the researcher use test and retest. First, the researcher gave the test to the students. Then, after a week the researcher would retest the same students using the same question sheets. The researcher counted the coefficient correlation of two scoresIn fact, after giving test and retest to the students, the researcher found the efficient correlation of the scores. It means the test was reliable and could be used as instruments for the research.3.4 Technique of Collecting DataThe data of this research was students’ score on write procedure text. To gather the data, the researcher did the following procedures: Content analysis : coding for pattern (i,e. Pattern recognition) accross subject The researcher gave score based on the following criteria in table 3. 1 below:Table 3. 1: The Criteria in Giving ScoreText Kind of Test Components ScoreProcedure Text Writing test The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title), the first sentence until the eighth sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title), the first sentence until the seventh sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title), the first sentence until the sixth sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fifth sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fourth sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title), the first sentence until the third sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title), the first sentence and the second sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title) and the first sentence were write correctly. The purpose (title) was correct. The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were wrong. 20181614121086420There were 5 title of procedure texts. The highest possible score was 100 and the lowest possible score was 0.c. The researcher counted the total score of each student.3.5 Technique of Analyzing DataIn analyzing data, the researcher used the following procedures: Presenting the raw score. Calculating Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (SD)To calculate mean and standard deviation, the researcher used the following formulas: Where: M = Mean∑X = the total score of studentsN = number of the sample SD =√(〖∑x〗^2/N- {(∑x)/N}^2 ) Where: SD = Standard Deviation∑X = the total of X∑X2 = the total of X2 Calculating the students’ ability into high, moderate and low ability. The researcher used criteria below:>M + 1 SD : High abilityBetween (M – 1 SD) until (M + 1 SD) : Moderate ability Calculating the percentage of the students who get high, moderate, and low ability. The researcher used following by Arikunto formula: P = Where: P = percentage of the students’ scoref = the sum of the students who got A-En = the sum of the students At last, after getting the result of analyzing the data by using the formula above, the researcher described the second year students’ ability of SMA Ekasakti Padang in write procedure text.