As the twentieth century draws to a close, we must with some bitternes terjemahan - As the twentieth century draws to a close, we must with some bitternes Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

As the twentieth century draws to a

As the twentieth century draws to a close, we must with some bitterness
acknowledge that the hopes raised in 1900 have been disappointed and that the
extraordinary technological and scientific progress which has marked the century
has not led to a better balance between human beings and nature, or to more
harmony in human relations. On the threshold of the next century it is important
to identify the challenges and the tensions of the present, in order to point the way
for education and propose educational strategies. It is from this angle that social
cohesion should be seen as one of the goals of education.
The very concept of social cohesion is somewhat ambiguous from the
axiological standpoint. Modernization processes differ considerably from one
place, or one time, to another. In the Euro-Atlantic zone, modernization went on
between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries; in the rest of the world it has
been, and still is, proceeding in the twentieth century. On all sides, however, a
feature of the process is the increasing intervention of state power in social
relations. Military service and compulsory schooling, law and order, or public
health justify any efforts made by the modern state to establish – or impose –
the social cohesion which should underpin it. And yet the twentieth century
also brought the totalitarian experience with all its ideological and political
constraints – a form of social training, which encompassed the education
system, designed to impose social cohesion and cultural uniformity. This
applies not only to Fascism/Nazism and Communism, but also to certain
authoritarian regimes. The totalitarian temptation seems to be omnipresent
209
Bronislaw Geremek
C o h e s i o n ,
s o l i d a r i t y
a n d e x c l u s i o n
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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As the twentieth century draws to a close, we must with some bitternessacknowledge that the hopes raised in 1900 have been disappointed and that theextraordinary technological and scientific progress which has marked the centuryhas not led to a better balance between human beings and nature, or to moreharmony in human relations. On the threshold of the next century it is importantto identify the challenges and the tensions of the present, in order to point the wayfor education and propose educational strategies. It is from this angle that socialcohesion should be seen as one of the goals of education.The very concept of social cohesion is somewhat ambiguous from theaxiological standpoint. Modernization processes differ considerably from oneplace, or one time, to another. In the Euro-Atlantic zone, modernization went onbetween the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries; in the rest of the world it hasbeen, and still is, proceeding in the twentieth century. On all sides, however, afeature of the process is the increasing intervention of state power in socialrelations. Military service and compulsory schooling, law and order, or publichealth justify any efforts made by the modern state to establish – or impose –the social cohesion which should underpin it. And yet the twentieth centuryalso brought the totalitarian experience with all its ideological and politicalconstraints – a form of social training, which encompassed the educationsystem, designed to impose social cohesion and cultural uniformity. Thisapplies not only to Fascism/Nazism and Communism, but also to certainauthoritarian regimes. The totalitarian temptation seems to be omnipresent209Bronislaw GeremekC o h e s i o n ,s o l i d a r i t ya n d e x c l u s i o n
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Ketika abad kedua puluh menarik untuk dekat, kita harus dengan beberapa kepahitan
mengakui bahwa harapan dibesarkan di 1900 telah kecewa dan bahwa
teknologi dan ilmiah kemajuan luar biasa yang telah ditandai abad
tidak menyebabkan keseimbangan yang lebih baik antara manusia dan alam, atau lebih
harmonis dalam hubungan manusia. Di ambang abad berikutnya adalah penting
untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan dan ketegangan dari sekarang, untuk menunjukkan jalan
untuk pendidikan dan mengusulkan strategi pendidikan. Hal ini dari sudut ini bahwa sosial
kohesi harus dilihat sebagai salah satu tujuan pendidikan.
Konsep sangat kohesi sosial agak ambigu dari
sudut pandang aksiologis. Proses modernisasi berbeda dari satu
tempat, atau satu waktu, yang lain. Di zona Euro-Atlantik, modernisasi melanjutkan
antara keenam belas dan abad kesembilan belas; di seluruh dunia telah
menjadi, dan masih adalah, melanjutkan pada abad kedua puluh. Di semua sisi, namun,
fitur dari proses ini adalah intervensi meningkatnya kekuasaan negara di sosial
hubungan. Militer dan wajib belajar, hukum dan ketertiban, atau masyarakat
kesehatan membenarkan upaya yang dilakukan oleh negara modern untuk membangun - atau memaksakan -
kohesi sosial yang harus mendukung itu. Namun abad kedua puluh
juga membawa pengalaman totalitarian dengan semua ideologi dan politik
kendala - bentuk pelatihan sosial, yang meliputi pendidikan
sistem, yang dirancang untuk memaksakan kohesi sosial dan keseragaman budaya. Ini
tidak hanya berlaku untuk Fasisme / Nazisme dan Komunisme, tetapi juga untuk tertentu
rezim otoriter. Godaan totaliter tampaknya mana-mana
209
Bronislaw Geremek
C ohesion,
solidaritas
andexclusion
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