Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
As the twentieth century draws to a close, we must with some bitternessacknowledge that the hopes raised in 1900 have been disappointed and that theextraordinary technological and scientific progress which has marked the centuryhas not led to a better balance between human beings and nature, or to moreharmony in human relations. On the threshold of the next century it is importantto identify the challenges and the tensions of the present, in order to point the wayfor education and propose educational strategies. It is from this angle that socialcohesion should be seen as one of the goals of education.The very concept of social cohesion is somewhat ambiguous from theaxiological standpoint. Modernization processes differ considerably from oneplace, or one time, to another. In the Euro-Atlantic zone, modernization went onbetween the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries; in the rest of the world it hasbeen, and still is, proceeding in the twentieth century. On all sides, however, afeature of the process is the increasing intervention of state power in socialrelations. Military service and compulsory schooling, law and order, or publichealth justify any efforts made by the modern state to establish – or impose –the social cohesion which should underpin it. And yet the twentieth centuryalso brought the totalitarian experience with all its ideological and politicalconstraints – a form of social training, which encompassed the educationsystem, designed to impose social cohesion and cultural uniformity. Thisapplies not only to Fascism/Nazism and Communism, but also to certainauthoritarian regimes. The totalitarian temptation seems to be omnipresent209Bronislaw GeremekC o h e s i o n ,s o l i d a r i t ya n d e x c l u s i o n
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