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Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
The standards, like the budgets to which they are linked, represent targets and, there- fore, yardsticks by which actual performance is measured. They are derived from expe- rience and judgements of what is a reasonable quantity of input (for labour time and materials usage) and from assessments of the market for the product (standard selling price) and the market for the inputs (labour rate and material price). These should be subject to frequent review and, where necessary, revision. It is vital, if they are to be used as part of the control process, that they represent realistic targets.Calculation of most variances is, in effect, based on standards. For example, the material usage variance is the difference between the standard materials usage for the level of output and the actual usage, costed at the standard materials price.Standards can have uses other than in the context of budgetary control. Standards provide the business with a database of costs, usages, selling prices and so on. These values should be broadly realistic. They are constantly being compared with actual outcomes in the monthly variance analyses and, presumably, revised where they are seen to be unrealistic. This provides managers with a ready set of information for theirdecision making and income measurement purposes
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