DEMAND PAGING With the use of paging, truly effective multiprogramming terjemahan - DEMAND PAGING With the use of paging, truly effective multiprogramming Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

DEMAND PAGING With the use of pagin

DEMAND PAGING With the use of paging, truly effective multiprogramming systems
came into being.
Furthermore, the simple tactic of breaking a process up into
pages led to the development of another important concept: virtual memory.
To understand virtual memory, we must add a refinement to the paging
scheme just discussed. That refinement is demand paging, which simply means that
each page of a process is brought in only when it is needed, that is, on demand.
Consider a large process, consisting of a long program plus a number of arrays
of data.
Over any short period of time, execution may be confined to a small
section of the program (e.g., a subroutine), and perhaps only one or two arrays of
data are being used. This is the principle of locality, which we introduced in Appendix
4A.
It would clearly be wasteful to load in dozens of pages for that process
when only a few pages will be used before the program is suspended. We can make
better use of memory by loading in just a few pages. Then, if the program branches
to an instruction on a page not in main memory, or if the program references data
on a page not in memory, a page fault is triggered. This tells the OS to bring in the
desired page.
Thus, at any one time, only a few pages of any given process are in memory,
and therefore more processes can be maintained in memory. Furthermore, time is
saved because unused pages are not swapped in and out of memory. However, the
OS must be clever about how it manages this scheme. When it brings one page in,
it must throw another page out; this is known as page replacement. If it throws out
a page just before it is about to be used, then it will just have to go get that page
again almost immediately. Too much of this leads to a condition known as
thrashing: the processor spends most of its time swapping pages rather than executing
instructions.
The avoidance of thrashing was a major research area in the
1970s and led to a variety of complex but effective algorithms. In essence, the OS
tries to guess, based on recent history, which pages are least likely to be used in the
near future.
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DEMAND PAGING With the use of paging, truly effective multiprogramming systemscame into being.Furthermore, the simple tactic of breaking a process up intopages led to the development of another important concept: virtual memory.To understand virtual memory, we must add a refinement to the pagingscheme just discussed. That refinement is demand paging, which simply means thateach page of a process is brought in only when it is needed, that is, on demand.Consider a large process, consisting of a long program plus a number of arraysof data.Over any short period of time, execution may be confined to a smallsection of the program (e.g., a subroutine), and perhaps only one or two arrays ofdata are being used. This is the principle of locality, which we introduced in Appendix4A.It would clearly be wasteful to load in dozens of pages for that processwhen only a few pages will be used before the program is suspended. We can makebetter use of memory by loading in just a few pages. Then, if the program branchesto an instruction on a page not in main memory, or if the program references dataon a page not in memory, a page fault is triggered. This tells the OS to bring in thedesired page.Thus, at any one time, only a few pages of any given process are in memory,and therefore more processes can be maintained in memory. Furthermore, time issaved because unused pages are not swapped in and out of memory. However, theOS must be clever about how it manages this scheme. When it brings one page in,
it must throw another page out; this is known as page replacement. If it throws out
a page just before it is about to be used, then it will just have to go get that page
again almost immediately. Too much of this leads to a condition known as
thrashing: the processor spends most of its time swapping pages rather than executing
instructions.
The avoidance of thrashing was a major research area in the
1970s and led to a variety of complex but effective algorithms. In essence, the OS
tries to guess, based on recent history, which pages are least likely to be used in the
near future.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
PERMINTAAN PAGING Dengan menggunakan paging, sistem multiprogramming benar-benar efektif
muncul menjadi ada.
Selain itu, taktik sederhana melanggar proses menjadi
halaman menyebabkan perkembangan dari konsep penting lain:. Memori virtual
Untuk memahami memori virtual, kita harus menambahkan sebuah perbaikan dengan paging
skema yang baru saja dibahas. Perbaikan yang permintaan paging, yang berarti bahwa
setiap halaman dari sebuah proses yang dibawa hanya ketika dibutuhkan, yaitu, pada permintaan.
Pertimbangkan proses besar, yang terdiri dari program panjang ditambah sejumlah array
data.
Selama setiap waktu singkat, eksekusi dapat terbatas pada kecil
bagian dari program (misalnya, sebuah sub rutin), dan mungkin hanya satu atau dua array dari
data yang sedang digunakan. Ini adalah prinsip lokalitas, yang kita diperkenalkan pada Lampiran
4A.
Ini akan menjadi jelas boros untuk memuat puluhan halaman untuk proses yang
ketika hanya beberapa halaman akan digunakan sebelum program ini dihentikan. Kita bisa membuat
lebih baik menggunakan memori dengan memuat hanya dalam beberapa halaman. Kemudian, jika cabang Program
untuk instruksi pada halaman tidak dalam memori utama, atau jika data referensi Program
pada halaman tidak dalam memori, kesalahan halaman dipicu. Ini memberitahu OS untuk membawa di
halaman yang diinginkan.
Jadi, pada satu waktu, hanya beberapa halaman dari setiap proses yang diberikan adalah dalam memori,
dan proses karena itu lebih dapat dipertahankan dalam memori. Selanjutnya, waktu
diselamatkan karena halaman yang tidak terpakai tidak bertukar masuk dan keluar dari memori. Namun,
OS harus pintar tentang bagaimana mengelola skema ini. Ketika ia membawa satu halaman di,
itu harus membuang halaman lain keluar; ini dikenal sebagai penggantian halaman. Jika melempar keluar
halaman sebelum ini adalah tentang akan digunakan, maka hanya akan harus pergi mendapatkan halaman yang
lagi segera. Terlalu banyak ini menyebabkan kondisi yang dikenal sebagai
meronta-ronta: prosesor menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya swapping halaman daripada
mengeksekusi. Petunjuk
Menghindari meronta-ronta adalah daerah penelitian utama di
tahun 1970 dan menyebabkan berbagai algoritma kompleks tapi efektif. Pada intinya, OS
mencoba menebak, berdasarkan sejarah, halaman mana yang paling mungkin untuk digunakan dalam
waktu dekat.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
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