Quantization is the process of mapping a continuous range of amplitude terjemahan - Quantization is the process of mapping a continuous range of amplitude Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

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Quantization is the process of mapping a continuous range of amplitudes of a signal into a finite set of discrete amplitudes. Quantizers can be thought of as devices that remove the irrelevancies in the signal. and their operation is irreversible. Unlike sampling, quantization introduces distortion. Amplitude quantization is an important stop in any speech coding process, and it determines to a great extent the overall distortion as well as the bit rate necessary to represent the speech waveform. A quantizer that uses n bits can have M = 2“ discrete amplitude levels. The distortion introduced by any quantization operation is directly proportional to the square of the step size, which in turn is inversely proportional to the number of levels for a given amplitude range. One of the most frequently used measures of distortion is the mean square error distortion which is defined as:

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Quantization is the process of mapping a continuous range of amplitudes of a signal into a finite set of discrete amplitudes. Quantizers can be thought of as devices that remove the irrelevancies in the signal. and their operation is irreversible. Unlike sampling, quantization introduces distortion. Amplitude quantization is an important stop in any speech coding process, and it determines to a great extent the overall distortion as well as the bit rate necessary to represent the speech waveform. A quantizer that uses n bits can have M = 2“ discrete amplitude levels. The distortion introduced by any quantization operation is directly proportional to the square of the step size, which in turn is inversely proportional to the number of levels for a given amplitude range. One of the most frequently used measures of distortion is the mean square error distortion which is defined as:use = s[<1_;Q[ni’j = Hlfqm -x(n]’d: cmwhere x (t) represents the original speech signal, and fq(t) represents the quantized speech signal. The distortion introduced by a quantizer is often modeled es additive quantization noise. and the performance oi‘ a quantizer is measured as the output signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR). A pulse code modulation (PCM) coder is basically a quantizer of sampled speech amplitudes. PCM coding, using 8 bits per sample at a sampling frequency of 8 kHz, was the first digital coding standard adopted for commercial telephony. The SQNR of aPCM encoder is related to the number of bits used for encoding through the following relation:iSQNH),,-3 = t:.02n + o (T51where a: = 4.77 for peak SQNR and a = 0 for the average SQNR. The above equation indicates that with every additional bit used for encoding, the output SQNR improves by 6 dB
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Kuantisasi adalah proses pemetaan berbagai terus menerus dengan amplitudo dari sebuah sinyal ke satu set berhingga dari amplitudo diskrit. Quantizers dapat dianggap sebagai perangkat yang menghapus yang tidak relevan dalam sinyal. dan operasi mereka tidak dapat diubah. Tidak seperti sampling, kuantisasi memperkenalkan distorsi. Kuantisasi amplitudo adalah berhenti penting dalam proses coding pidato, dan menentukan untuk sebagian besar distorsi secara keseluruhan serta tingkat yang diperlukan bit untuk mewakili gelombang pidato. Sebuah quantizer yang menggunakan n bit dapat memiliki M = 2 "tingkat amplitudo diskrit. Distorsi diperkenalkan oleh operasi kuantisasi berbanding lurus dengan kuadrat ukuran langkah, yang pada gilirannya berbanding terbalik dengan jumlah tingkat untuk berbagai amplitudo tertentu. Salah satu yang paling sering digunakan ukuran distorsi distorsi mean square error yang didefinisikan sebagai: gunakan = s [<1_; Q [ni'j = Hlfqm -x (n] 'd: cm di mana x (t) merupakan sinyal suara asli, dan fq (t) merupakan sinyal suara terkuantisasi. Distorsi diperkenalkan oleh quantizer yang sering dimodelkan es aditif kebisingan kuantisasi. dan kinerja oi 'quantizer diukur sebagai noise output rasio signal-to-kuantisasi (SQNR ). Sebuah modulasi kode pulsa (PCM) coder pada dasarnya adalah quantizer dari sampel amplitudo pidato. PCM coding, menggunakan 8 bit per sampel pada frekuensi sampling 8 kHz, adalah yang pertama digital standar pengkodean diadopsi untuk telepon komersial. The SQNR dari PCM encoder terkait dengan jumlah bit yang digunakan untuk pengkodean melalui hubungan berikut: iSQNH) ,, - 3 = t: .02n + o (T51 mana: = 4.77 untuk puncak SQNR dan = 0 untuk SQNR rata The. persamaan di atas menunjukkan bahwa dengan setiap bit tambahan yang digunakan untuk encoding, yang SQNR keluaran meningkatkan sebesar 6 dB









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