phenomena qualitative research seeks to gain deeper knowledge of lived terjemahan - phenomena qualitative research seeks to gain deeper knowledge of lived Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

phenomena qualitative research seek

phenomena qualitative research seeks to gain deeper knowledge of lived experiences. We set out
to explore the full multidimensional, dynamic picture of the subject of study, in this case
homelessness (see Denzin & Lincoln, 2000; Liamputtong & Ezzy, 2005).
To maximize children’s engagement and to elicit their views, a children’s reference group
(discussed below) was convened to provide advice and direction to the project; we carried out
semistructured interviews (using a wide range of tools), art activities (Figures 1 and 2), and group
discussions at an activity day. To help us understand the broader context and to triangulate
findings, parents and key stakeholders were also interviewed about how children experienced and
were affected by family homelessness.
Children’s views and artwork were analyzed and formed the basis of the final report (see Moore,
McArthur, & Noble-Carr, 2007). A close examination of the data, particularly the interview
transcripts, allowed common themes to emerge. Employing some of the methods of grounded
theory allowed concepts, themes, and categories to emerge from the data rather than either being
imposed or overlooked in the analysis (Darlington & Scott, 2002; Minichiello, Aron, Timewel, &
Alexander, 2000; Strauss & Corbin, 1998). To increase the validity of the conclusions, wherever
possible (unless otherwise stated) the children and young people discussed the themes and
conclusions. Previous research and other data (interviews with adults) when available and
appropriate were also used to support the conclusions reached (Strauss & Corbin, 1998).
Eighteen children aged between 6 and 14 years and 7 young people aged between 15 and 21 years
participated in the study. Of these, 8 identified as being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; 14
were male and 11 were female. All participants had accompanied their parent during a period of
homelessness in the past.

Engaging children in research about sensitive issues
There is an increasing acceptance that hearing children’s voices directly, including though the
research process, is of critical importance. The institute’s research activity is explicitly framed
with a child-centered approach, which, among other things, seeks to involve children actively so
as to better understand and respond appropriately to their unique perspectives and experiences
(Moore et al., 2007; Winkworth & McArthur, 2007). Our challenge is to do this in a way that is
both effective and ethical.
Fortunately, over the past two decades there has been a growing interest in finding better ways to
facilitate the hearing of children’s voices in all aspects of the research process. The changing
view of children leading to their direct inclusion in research has meant a rethinking in research
methods and research topics but also a growing confidence in sharing power and responsibility of
all aspects of research design (Alderson, 1999). This has resulted in a wealth of information for
potential researchers to draw on when engaging in research with children (Noble-Carr, 2007).
Inherent to this growing commitment of involving children in research has been the willingness
of researchers to critically reflect on their chosen methodologies and share their experiences of
what has, and has not, worked. Such commitment to critical thinking and reflexive practice
enables innovative and flexible research models to evolve and this has been particularly helpful in
trying to piece together a best practice framework from which our own study of children’s
experiences of homelessness was based.
Engaging children using a children’s reference group
In 1997 Ward argued that in ethical research children should not only be the “subjects” of
research but should also be encouraged to play an active part throughout the life of the project,
from the early planning stages through to the sharing of findings.
To maximize their involvement in the project, we invited children to participate in a reference
group for the life of the project. This reflected our belief that children should have a central place
in processes that affect their lives and the view that research is considerably enhanced when
children’s views and perspectives are elicited. The aim of the reference group was to provide us
with a better idea of how the children wanted to be asked about their experiences of homelessness,
to provide feedback on proposed research tools, and to assist us in understanding children’s
views.
Workers within the homelessness sector were asked to approach families to participate. They
gave them a brochure about the purpose and the nature of the group and invited them to contact
the research team if they wished to participate.2 Both parents and children consented to their
children’s involvement, and parents were kept informed of the group’s progress. Six children
aged between 6 and 12 from three families participated in meetings of the Children’s Reference
Group.
Unfortunately, because the project was a commissioned study, children were not involved in
identifying the project or in the initial planning stage (the development of the project plan and
internal ethics approval processes). However, as soon as the reference group was established,
children were asked to provide feedback on the research plan and its focus.
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phenomena qualitative research seeks to gain deeper knowledge of lived experiences. We set outto explore the full multidimensional, dynamic picture of the subject of study, in this casehomelessness (see Denzin & Lincoln, 2000; Liamputtong & Ezzy, 2005).To maximize children’s engagement and to elicit their views, a children’s reference group(discussed below) was convened to provide advice and direction to the project; we carried outsemistructured interviews (using a wide range of tools), art activities (Figures 1 and 2), and groupdiscussions at an activity day. To help us understand the broader context and to triangulatefindings, parents and key stakeholders were also interviewed about how children experienced andwere affected by family homelessness.Children’s views and artwork were analyzed and formed the basis of the final report (see Moore,McArthur, & Noble-Carr, 2007). A close examination of the data, particularly the interviewtranscripts, allowed common themes to emerge. Employing some of the methods of groundedtheory allowed concepts, themes, and categories to emerge from the data rather than either beingimposed or overlooked in the analysis (Darlington & Scott, 2002; Minichiello, Aron, Timewel, &Alexander, 2000; Strauss & Corbin, 1998). To increase the validity of the conclusions, whereverpossible (unless otherwise stated) the children and young people discussed the themes andconclusions. Previous research and other data (interviews with adults) when available andappropriate were also used to support the conclusions reached (Strauss & Corbin, 1998).Eighteen children aged between 6 and 14 years and 7 young people aged between 15 and 21 yearsparticipated in the study. Of these, 8 identified as being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; 14were male and 11 were female. All participants had accompanied their parent during a period ofhomelessness in the past.Engaging children in research about sensitive issuesThere is an increasing acceptance that hearing children’s voices directly, including though theresearch process, is of critical importance. The institute’s research activity is explicitly framedwith a child-centered approach, which, among other things, seeks to involve children actively soas to better understand and respond appropriately to their unique perspectives and experiences(Moore et al., 2007; Winkworth & McArthur, 2007). Our challenge is to do this in a way that isboth effective and ethical.Fortunately, over the past two decades there has been a growing interest in finding better ways tofacilitate the hearing of children’s voices in all aspects of the research process. The changingview of children leading to their direct inclusion in research has meant a rethinking in researchmethods and research topics but also a growing confidence in sharing power and responsibility ofall aspects of research design (Alderson, 1999). This has resulted in a wealth of information forpotential researchers to draw on when engaging in research with children (Noble-Carr, 2007).Inherent to this growing commitment of involving children in research has been the willingnessof researchers to critically reflect on their chosen methodologies and share their experiences ofwhat has, and has not, worked. Such commitment to critical thinking and reflexive practiceenables innovative and flexible research models to evolve and this has been particularly helpful intrying to piece together a best practice framework from which our own study of children’sexperiences of homelessness was based.Engaging children using a children’s reference groupIn 1997 Ward argued that in ethical research children should not only be the “subjects” ofresearch but should also be encouraged to play an active part throughout the life of the project,from the early planning stages through to the sharing of findings.To maximize their involvement in the project, we invited children to participate in a referencegroup for the life of the project. This reflected our belief that children should have a central placein processes that affect their lives and the view that research is considerably enhanced whenchildren’s views and perspectives are elicited. The aim of the reference group was to provide uswith a better idea of how the children wanted to be asked about their experiences of homelessness,to provide feedback on proposed research tools, and to assist us in understanding children’sviews.Workers within the homelessness sector were asked to approach families to participate. Theygave them a brochure about the purpose and the nature of the group and invited them to contactthe research team if they wished to participate.2 Both parents and children consented to theirchildren’s involvement, and parents were kept informed of the group’s progress. Six childrenaged between 6 and 12 from three families participated in meetings of the Children’s ReferenceGroup.Unfortunately, because the project was a commissioned study, children were not involved inidentifying the project or in the initial planning stage (the development of the project plan andinternal ethics approval processes). However, as soon as the reference group was established,children were asked to provide feedback on the research plan and its focus.
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fenomena penelitian kualitatif berusaha untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan yang lebih dalam pengalaman hidup. Kami berangkat
untuk menjelajahi multidimensi, gambar dinamis penuh dari subjek penelitian, dalam hal ini
tunawisma (lihat Denzin & Lincoln, 2000; Liamputtong & Ezzy, 2005).
Untuk memaksimalkan keterlibatan anak-anak dan untuk memperoleh pandangan mereka, kelompok referensi anak-anak
(dibahas di bawah) diselenggarakan untuk memberikan saran dan arahan untuk proyek; kami melakukan
wawancara semi terstruktur (menggunakan berbagai macam alat), kegiatan seni (Gambar 1 dan 2), dan kelompok
diskusi pada hari kegiatan. Untuk membantu kita memahami konteks yang lebih luas dan untuk melakukan pelacakan
temuan, orang tua dan stakeholder kunci juga diwawancarai tentang bagaimana anak-anak mengalami dan
dipengaruhi oleh keluarga tunawisma.
Views Anak dan karya seni dianalisis dan membentuk dasar dari laporan akhir (lihat Moore,
McArthur, & Noble-Carr, 2007). Pemeriksaan dekat data, khususnya wawancara
transkrip, diperbolehkan tema umum muncul. Mempekerjakan beberapa metode didasarkan
teori memungkinkan konsep, tema, dan kategori yang muncul dari data daripada baik yang
dikenakan atau diabaikan dalam analisis (Darlington & Scott, 2002; Minichiello, Aron, Timewel, &
Alexander, 2000; Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Untuk meningkatkan validitas kesimpulan, di mana pun
mungkin (kecuali dinyatakan lain) anak-anak dan remaja membahas tema dan
kesimpulan. Penelitian sebelumnya dan data lainnya (wawancara dengan orang dewasa) bila tersedia dan
sesuai juga digunakan untuk mendukung kesimpulan yang dicapai (Strauss & Corbin, 1998).
Delapan belas anak-anak berusia antara 6 dan 14 tahun dan 7 orang muda berusia antara 15 dan 21 tahun
berpartisipasi dalam pembelajaran. Dari jumlah tersebut, 8 diidentifikasi sebagai Aborigin atau Selat Torres Islander; 14
adalah laki-laki dan 11 adalah perempuan. Semua peserta telah menemani orang tua mereka selama periode
tunawisma di masa lalu. Anak Melibatkan dalam penelitian tentang isu-isu sensitif Ada peningkatan penerimaan yang mendengar suara anak-anak secara langsung, termasuk meskipun proses penelitian, adalah sangat penting. Kegiatan penelitian lembaga itu secara eksplisit dibingkai dengan berpusat pada anak pendekatan, yang, antara lain, berusaha untuk melibatkan anak-anak secara aktif sehingga dapat lebih memahami dan merespons dengan tepat untuk perspektif dan pengalaman mereka yang unik (Moore et al, 2007;. Winkworth & McArthur 2007). Tantangan kita adalah untuk melakukan hal ini dengan cara yang efektif dan etis. Untungnya, selama dua dekade terakhir telah terjadi minat dalam menemukan cara yang lebih baik untuk memfasilitasi mendengar suara anak-anak dalam semua aspek proses penelitian. Perubahan pandangan anak-anak yang mengarah ke dimasukkannya langsung mereka dalam penelitian berarti pemikiran ulang dalam penelitian metode dan topik penelitian tetapi juga kepercayaan diri tumbuh dalam berbagi kekuasaan dan tanggung jawab semua aspek desain penelitian (Alderson, 1999). Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak informasi untuk peneliti potensial untuk menarik pada saat yang terlibat dalam penelitian dengan anak-anak (Noble-Carr, 2007). Inherent komitmen ini semakin melibatkan anak-anak dalam penelitian telah kemauan peneliti untuk secara kritis merefleksikan pilihan mereka metodologi dan berbagi pengalaman mereka apa yang telah, dan belum, bekerja. Komitmen tersebut untuk berpikir kritis dan praktek refleksif memungkinkan model penelitian yang inovatif dan fleksibel untuk berkembang dan ini telah sangat membantu dalam mencoba untuk menyusun sebuah kerangka kerja praktek terbaik dari yang penelitian kami sendiri anak-anak pengalaman tunawisma didasarkan. Anak Engaging menggunakan referensi anak-anak Kelompok Pada tahun 1997 Ward berpendapat bahwa pada anak-anak penelitian etika tidak harus hanya menjadi "subjek" dari penelitian, tetapi juga harus didorong untuk memainkan peran aktif sepanjang hidup proyek, dari tahap perencanaan awal melalui berbagi temuan. Untuk memaksimalkan keterlibatan mereka dalam proyek, kami mengundang anak-anak untuk berpartisipasi dalam referensi kelompok untuk kehidupan proyek. Ini tercermin keyakinan kami bahwa anak-anak harus memiliki tempat sentral dalam proses yang mempengaruhi kehidupan mereka dan pandangan bahwa penelitian jauh ditingkatkan ketika pandangan dan perspektif anak-anak yang menimbulkan. Tujuan dari kelompok referensi adalah untuk menyediakan kami dengan ide yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana anak-anak ingin ditanyakan tentang pengalaman mereka tunawisma, untuk memberikan umpan balik pada alat penelitian yang diusulkan, dan untuk membantu kami dalam memahami anak-anak dilihat. Pekerja di sektor tunawisma diminta untuk mendekati keluarga untuk berpartisipasi. Mereka memberi mereka brosur tentang tujuan dan sifat dari kelompok dan mengundang mereka untuk menghubungi tim peneliti jika mereka ingin participate.2 Kedua orang tua dan anak-anak mereka menyetujui keterlibatan anak-anak, dan orang tua yang terus informasi dari kemajuan kelompok. Enam anak berusia antara 6 dan 12 dari tiga keluarga berpartisipasi dalam pertemuan Anak Reference Group. Sayangnya, karena proyek ini sebuah studi yang ditugaskan, anak-anak tidak terlibat dalam mengidentifikasi proyek atau dalam tahap perencanaan awal (pengembangan rencana proyek dan etika internal yang proses persetujuan). Namun, segera setelah kelompok referensi didirikan, anak-anak diminta untuk memberikan umpan balik pada rencana penelitian dan fokus.









































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