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IIIA TheoreticalModel of the Islamic Financial SystemIn order to study the design and effects of monetary policy we develop a simple macroeconomic model that incorporates the principal characteristics of Islamic banking outlined in Section II. This model is basically a variant of the general equilibrium financial models of Brainard (1967), Tobin (1969), and Modigliani and Papademos (1980), that have become standard in monetary theory. Specific attention is paid to the financial relationships in this model, since, as argued by Modigliani and Papademos (1980), to properly analyze the role of monetary policy in affecting the actions of market participants, and the consequent effects on the spending behavior of firms and households, one has to employ a framework that takes explicitly into account the structure of financial markets. As will be shown, the model formulated here, despite its simplicity, is a useful representation of the basic Islamic financial system, and thus proves to be a convenient device for the study of monetary policy in an Islamic economy.This Section discusses the basic accounting structure of the model, the underlying behavioral relationships, and finally, the effects of monetary policy. 1. Structure of the modelThe financial side of the economy is assumed to be composed of commercial banks, which are the only financial intermediaries, the central bank, and the non bank public(23). In addition to financial assets, the model contains a single (composite) commodity that is both produced and consumed domestically. For simplicity, the economy is assumed to be closed so that there is no trade or capital movements. a. Banking sectorCommercial banks are assumed to offer only investment deposits (Db) to the public which, as discussed in the previous section, are not guaranteed by the banks and do not yield a predetermined rate of return. At this level of abstraction the exclusion of transaction deposits does not materially affect the analysis. The banks are assumed to pay depositors a rate of return (rb) that is based on profits from their operations. These profits are shared between the depositor and the bank in some mutually-agreed proportioned determined prior to the transaction, so that rb is the depositor's share of the bank profits as a proportion of his deposit. In other words, if p represents distributable profits of banks, and l is the share of the depositor, thenThe rate of return received by deposits will thus fluctuate according to variations in bank profits and/or the stock of deposits. The profit-sharing ratio l is assumed to remain fixed for the duration of the contract.
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