Sunlight flooded the cabin as the plane changed course. It was a brigh terjemahan - Sunlight flooded the cabin as the plane changed course. It was a brigh Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Sunlight flooded the cabin as the p

Sunlight flooded the cabin as the plane changed course. It was a bright, clear morning. Robyn looked out of the window as England slid slowly by beneath them: cities and towns, their street plans like printed circuits, scattered over a mosaic of tiny fields, connected by the thin wires of railways and motorways. Hard to imagine at this height all the noise and commotion going on down there. Factories, shops, offices, schools, beginning the working day. People crammed into rush hour buses and trains, or sitting at the wheels of their cars in traffic jams, or washing up breakfast things in the kitchens of pebble-dashed semis. All inhabiting theit own little worlds, oblivisious of how they fitted into the total pircture. The housewife, switching on her electric kettle to make another cup of tea, gave no thought to the immense complex of operations that made that simple action possible: the building and maintenance of the power station that produced the electricity, the mining of coal or pumping of oil to fuel the generators, the laying of miles of cable to carry the current to her house, the digging and smelting and milling of ore or bauxite into sheets of steel or aluminium, the cutting and pressing and welding of the metal into the kettle’s shell, spout and handle, the assembling of these parts with scores of other components – coils, screws, nuts, bolts, washers, rivets, wires, sptings, rubber insulation, plastics trimmings, then the packaging of the kettle, the advertising of the kettle, the marketing of the kettle to wholesale and shops, the calculation of its price, and the distribution of its added value between all the myriad people and agencies concerned in its production. The housewife gave no thought to all this as she switched on her kettle. Neither had Robyn until this moment, and it would never have occurred to her to do so before she met Vic Wilcox.

1c Comprehension
We generally describe the economy as consisting of three sectors:
The primary sector: agriculture, and the extraction of raw materials from the earth;
The secondary sector: manufacturing industry, in which raw materials are turned into finished products (although of course many of the people working for manufacturing companies do not actually make anything, but provide a service – administration, law, finance, marketing, selling, computing, personnel, and so on);
The tertiary sector: the commercial services that help industry produce and distribute goods to final consumers, as well as activities such as education health care, leisure, tourism, and so on.
In lines 4-7, Robyn sees examples of all three. What are they ?
The long sentence in lines 11-28 lists a large number of operations belonging to the different sectors of the economy. Classify the 18 activities from the passage according to which sector they belong to:
Advertising products
Calculating prices
Distributing added value
Marketing products
Packaging products
Smelting iron
Assembling
Cutting metal
Laying cables
Milling metal
Pressing metal
Transportation
Building
Digging iron ore
Maintenance
Mining coal
Pumping oil
Welding metal
Can you think of three important activities to add to each list (not necessarily in relation to the kettle)?

1d Discussion
Which sector do you intend to work in or do you already work in? How do you ‘fit into the total picture’?
How many people in the tertiary sector have you already spoken to today (travelling to collage or work, shopping, eating, and so on)? What about people in the other two sectors? When did you last talk to someone who grew or produced food, for example ?

2. Manufacturing and services
Agricultural labour, represented by Jules Breton (‘The Gleaners’, 1885)
Two hundred years ago, the vast majority of the population of virtually every country lived in the countryside and worked in agriculture. Today, in what many people call ‘the advanced industrialized countries’, only 2-3% of the population earn their living from agriculture. But some people already talk about ‘the postindustrial countries’, because of the growth of service industries, and the decline of manufacturing, which is moving to ‘the developing countries’.
Is manufacturing industry important ? Is its decline in the ‘advanced’ countries inevitable ? Will services adequately replace it ? Two opinions about this follow.

2a Reading
Read this extract from an interview with the well-known Canadian economist, John Kenneth Galbraith, and answer the questions.
Why do people worry about the decline of manufacturing ?
Which activities are as important as the production of goods ?
Should people worry about this state of affairs ?
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
Sunlight flooded the cabin as the plane changed course. It was a bright, clear morning. Robyn looked out of the window as England slid slowly by beneath them: cities and towns, their street plans like printed circuits, scattered over a mosaic of tiny fields, connected by the thin wires of railways and motorways. Hard to imagine at this height all the noise and commotion going on down there. Factories, shops, offices, schools, beginning the working day. People crammed into rush hour buses and trains, or sitting at the wheels of their cars in traffic jams, or washing up breakfast things in the kitchens of pebble-dashed semis. All inhabiting theit own little worlds, oblivisious of how they fitted into the total pircture. The housewife, switching on her electric kettle to make another cup of tea, gave no thought to the immense complex of operations that made that simple action possible: the building and maintenance of the power station that produced the electricity, the mining of coal or pumping of oil to fuel the generators, the laying of miles of cable to carry the current to her house, the digging and smelting and milling of ore or bauxite into sheets of steel or aluminium, the cutting and pressing and welding of the metal into the kettle’s shell, spout and handle, the assembling of these parts with scores of other components – coils, screws, nuts, bolts, washers, rivets, wires, sptings, rubber insulation, plastics trimmings, then the packaging of the kettle, the advertising of the kettle, the marketing of the kettle to wholesale and shops, the calculation of its price, and the distribution of its added value between all the myriad people and agencies concerned in its production. The housewife gave no thought to all this as she switched on her kettle. Neither had Robyn until this moment, and it would never have occurred to her to do so before she met Vic Wilcox.1c ComprehensionWe generally describe the economy as consisting of three sectors:The primary sector: agriculture, and the extraction of raw materials from the earth;The secondary sector: manufacturing industry, in which raw materials are turned into finished products (although of course many of the people working for manufacturing companies do not actually make anything, but provide a service – administration, law, finance, marketing, selling, computing, personnel, and so on);The tertiary sector: the commercial services that help industry produce and distribute goods to final consumers, as well as activities such as education health care, leisure, tourism, and so on.In lines 4-7, Robyn sees examples of all three. What are they ?The long sentence in lines 11-28 lists a large number of operations belonging to the different sectors of the economy. Classify the 18 activities from the passage according to which sector they belong to: Advertising productsCalculating pricesDistributing added valueMarketing productsPackaging productsSmelting ironAssemblingCutting metalLaying cablesMilling metalPressing metalTransportationBuildingDigging iron oreMaintenanceMining coalPumping oilWelding metal Can you think of three important activities to add to each list (not necessarily in relation to the kettle)?1d DiscussionWhich sector do you intend to work in or do you already work in? How do you ‘fit into the total picture’?How many people in the tertiary sector have you already spoken to today (travelling to collage or work, shopping, eating, and so on)? What about people in the other two sectors? When did you last talk to someone who grew or produced food, for example ?

2. Manufacturing and services
Agricultural labour, represented by Jules Breton (‘The Gleaners’, 1885)
Two hundred years ago, the vast majority of the population of virtually every country lived in the countryside and worked in agriculture. Today, in what many people call ‘the advanced industrialized countries’, only 2-3% of the population earn their living from agriculture. But some people already talk about ‘the postindustrial countries’, because of the growth of service industries, and the decline of manufacturing, which is moving to ‘the developing countries’.
Is manufacturing industry important ? Is its decline in the ‘advanced’ countries inevitable ? Will services adequately replace it ? Two opinions about this follow.

2a Reading
Read this extract from an interview with the well-known Canadian economist, John Kenneth Galbraith, and answer the questions.
Why do people worry about the decline of manufacturing ?
Which activities are as important as the production of goods ?
Should people worry about this state of affairs ?
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Sinar matahari membanjiri kabin saat pesawat mengubah arah. Itu cerah, pagi yang cerah. Robyn melihat keluar dari jendela saat Inggris meluncur perlahan oleh bawahnya: kota dan kota-kota, rencana mereka jalan seperti sirkuit cetak, tersebar di mosaik bidang kecil, yang dihubungkan dengan kabel tipis kereta api dan jalan raya. Sulit membayangkan pada ketinggian ini semua kebisingan dan keributan terjadi di bawah sana. Pabrik, toko, kantor, sekolah, mulai hari kerja. Orang berdesakan dalam rush hour bus dan kereta, atau duduk di roda mobil mereka dalam kemacetan lalu lintas, atau mencuci sarapan hal di dapur semifinal kerikil-putus-putus. Semua menghuni dunia sedikit theit sendiri, oblivisious bagaimana mereka dipasang ke total pircture. Ibu rumah tangga, menyalakan ketel listrik untuk membuat secangkir teh, mereka tidak memikirkan untuk kompleks besar dari operasi yang dibuat bahwa tindakan sederhana yang mungkin: bangunan dan pemeliharaan pembangkit listrik yang menghasilkan listrik, pertambangan batu bara atau memompa minyak untuk bahan bakar generator, peletakan mil kabel untuk membawa arus ke rumahnya, menggali dan peleburan dan penggilingan bijih atau bauksit menjadi lembaran baja atau aluminium, memotong dan menekan dan pengelasan logam ke dalam ketel ini shell, menyemburkan dan menangani, perakitan bagian-bagian ini dengan skor komponen lainnya - koil, sekrup, mur, baut, ring, paku keling, kawat, sptings, isolasi karet, plastik hiasan, maka kemasan ketel, iklan dari ketel, pemasaran ketel ke toko-toko grosir dan, perhitungan harga, dan distribusi nilai tambahnya antara semua orang segudang dan instansi terkait dalam produksinya. Ibu rumah tangga tidak memikirkan semua ini karena dia diaktifkan ketel nya. Tidak memiliki Robyn sampai saat ini, dan itu tidak akan pernah terjadi padanya untuk melakukannya sebelum dia bertemu Vic Wilcox.

1c Pemahaman
Kita umumnya menggambarkan ekonomi sebagai terdiri dari tiga sektor:
Sektor primer: pertanian, dan ekstraksi bahan baku dari bumi;
sektor sekunder: industri manufaktur, di mana bahan baku yang berubah menjadi produk jadi (walaupun tentu saja banyak orang yang bekerja untuk perusahaan manufaktur tidak benar-benar membuat apa-apa, tetapi memberikan layanan - administrasi, hukum, keuangan, pemasaran, jual, komputasi, personel, dan sebagainya);
sektor tersier. layanan komersial yang membantu industri memproduksi dan mendistribusikan barang ke konsumen akhir, serta kegiatan seperti perawatan pendidikan kesehatan, rekreasi, pariwisata, dan sebagainya
dalam garis 4 -7, Robyn melihat contoh dari ketiga. Apa yang mereka?
Kalimat panjang di baris 11-28 berisi sejumlah besar operasi milik berbagai sektor ekonomi. Mengklasifikasikan 18 kegiatan dari bagian ini yang menurut sektor mereka milik:
produk Advertising
Menghitung harga
Mendistribusikan nilai tambah
produk Pemasaran
Kemasan produk
Smelting besi
Assembling
Pemotongan logam
Pemasangan kabel
penggilingan logam
Menekan logam
Transportasi
Building
Menggali bijih besi
Pemeliharaan
batubara Pertambangan
minyak Pumping
Welding logam
Can Anda berpikir tiga kegiatan penting untuk menambah setiap daftar (tidak harus dalam kaitannya dengan ketel)?

Diskusi 1d
yang sektor yang Anda berniat untuk bekerja di atau Anda sudah bekerja di? Bagaimana Anda masuk ke dalam gambaran total '?
Berapa banyak orang di sektor tersier yang telah Anda sudah berbicara dengan hari ini (bepergian ke kolase atau bekerja, belanja, makan, dan sebagainya)? Bagaimana orang-orang di dua sektor lainnya? Kapan Anda bicara terakhir untuk seseorang yang tumbuh atau diproduksi makanan, misalnya?

2. Manufaktur dan jasa
tenaga kerja pertanian, yang diwakili oleh Jules Breton ( 'The pemungut', 1885)
Dua ratus tahun yang lalu, sebagian besar penduduk hampir setiap negara tinggal di pedesaan dan bekerja di sektor pertanian. Hari ini, dalam apa yang banyak orang menyebutnya 'negara-negara industri maju', hanya 2-3% dari populasi hidup dari pertanian. Tetapi beberapa orang sudah berbicara tentang 'negara-negara pasca', karena pertumbuhan industri jasa, dan penurunan manufaktur, yang pindah ke 'negara-negara berkembang'.
Apakah industri manufaktur penting? Apakah penurunan dalam 'maju' negara yang tak terelakkan? Akan layanan memadai menggantinya? Dua pendapat tentang tindak ini.

2a Reading
Baca ekstrak ini dari sebuah wawancara dengan ekonom Kanada terkenal, John Kenneth Galbraith, dan menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan.
Mengapa orang khawatir tentang penurunan manufaktur?
Yang kegiatan yang sama pentingnya dengan produksi barang?
Haruskah orang khawatir tentang keadaan ini?
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
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