7.5.1.1 Multiple Substrate ReactionsMost enzyme-catalyzed reactions in terjemahan - 7.5.1.1 Multiple Substrate ReactionsMost enzyme-catalyzed reactions in Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

7.5.1.1 Multiple Substrate Reaction

7.5.1.1 Multiple Substrate Reactions
Most enzyme-catalyzed reactions involve more than one substrate. Hydrolase-catalyzed reactions require water as the second
substrate, but under most conditions where the water concentration is 55.6
M,
its effect is ignored in developing the kinetic
equations. However, in all other cases, the effect of concentration of the second substrate cannot be ignored. Several
investigators have developed kinetic equations for handling these multi-substrate reactions [22, 27, 115]. Whitaker [111] has
summarized the experimental procedures and kinetic approaches to be used. The experimental procedures are no more complex
than those described for the one substrate reactions, and most of the reactions fit Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. Experiments
must be done so that the effects of all substrates can be determined, varying the concentration of one of them at a time. The
interpretation of
V
max and
K
m is more complex but the individual rate constants can be determined readily by the King-Altman
method [62], among other methods.
The multiple substrate reactions that fit Michaelis-Menten kinetics belong to three main types [22]. Using examples for twosubstrate/two-product
reactions, two of these types are (a) ordered sequential bi bi mechanism, in which the two substrates
must
bind with the active site of the enzyme in an ordered manner and the two products are released from the enzyme in an
ordered
manner (Eq. 24), and (b) random sequential bi bi mechanism, in which the two substrates can bind into the active site of
an
enzyme in either order and the two products come off the enzyme in either order (Eq. 25). In the sequential mechanisms, all
substrates
must bind into the active site of the enzyme before any products are formed. In the third type, (c) the ping-pong bi bi
mechanism,
the first substrate must bind in the active site and one product is released before the second substrate can bind into
the
active site and be catalyzed to product (Eq. 26). These different types of mechanisms are best determined by plotting 1/
n
o
versus 1/[S]o according to the
0/5000
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7.5.1.1 Multiple Substrate ReactionsMost enzyme-catalyzed reactions involve more than one substrate. Hydrolase-catalyzed reactions require water as the secondsubstrate, but under most conditions where the water concentration is 55.6M, its effect is ignored in developing the kineticequations. However, in all other cases, the effect of concentration of the second substrate cannot be ignored. Severalinvestigators have developed kinetic equations for handling these multi-substrate reactions [22, 27, 115]. Whitaker [111] hassummarized the experimental procedures and kinetic approaches to be used. The experimental procedures are no more complexthan those described for the one substrate reactions, and most of the reactions fit Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. Experimentsmust be done so that the effects of all substrates can be determined, varying the concentration of one of them at a time. Theinterpretation ofVmax andKm is more complex but the individual rate constants can be determined readily by the King-Altmanmethod [62], among other methods.The multiple substrate reactions that fit Michaelis-Menten kinetics belong to three main types [22]. Using examples for twosubstrate/two-productreactions, two of these types are (a) ordered sequential bi bi mechanism, in which the two substratesmustbind with the active site of the enzyme in an ordered manner and the two products are released from the enzyme in anorderedmanner (Eq. 24), and (b) random sequential bi bi mechanism, in which the two substrates can bind into the active site ofanenzyme in either order and the two products come off the enzyme in either order (Eq. 25). In the sequential mechanisms, allsubstratesmust bind into the active site of the enzyme before any products are formed. In the third type, (c) the ping-pong bi bimechanism,the first substrate must bind in the active site and one product is released before the second substrate can bind intotheactive site and be catalyzed to product (Eq. 26). These different types of mechanisms are best determined by plotting 1/noversus 1/[S]o according to the
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7.5.1.1 Beberapa Reaksi Substrat
Kebanyakan reaksi enzim-dikatalisasi melibatkan lebih dari satu substrat. Reaksi hidrolase-katalis membutuhkan air sebagai kedua
substrat, tetapi di bawah kondisi yang paling mana konsentrasi air 55,6
M,
efeknya diabaikan dalam mengembangkan kinetik
persamaan. Namun, dalam semua kasus lain, pengaruh konsentrasi substrat kedua tidak bisa diabaikan. Beberapa
peneliti telah mengembangkan persamaan kinetik untuk menangani reaksi-reaksi multi-substrat [22, 27, 115]. Whitaker [111] telah
diringkas prosedur eksperimental dan pendekatan kinetik yang akan digunakan. Prosedur eksperimen tidak lebih rumit
daripada yang dijelaskan untuk satu reaksi substrat, dan sebagian besar reaksi cocok Michaelis Menten-tipe kinetika. Percobaan
harus dilakukan agar dampak dari semua substrat dapat ditentukan, memvariasikan konsentrasi salah satu dari mereka pada suatu waktu. The
interpretasi
V
max dan
K
m lebih kompleks tetapi konstanta laju individu dapat ditentukan dengan mudah oleh Raja-Altman
metode [62], antara metode lain.
Berbagai reaksi substrat yang cocok Kinetika Michaelis-Menten milik tiga jenis utama [ 22]. Menggunakan contoh untuk twosubstrate / dua produk
reaksi, dua jenis ini (a) memerintahkan berurutan mekanisme bi bi, di mana dua substrat
harus
mengikat dengan situs aktif enzim secara memerintahkan dan dua produk yang dirilis dari enzim dalam
memerintahkan
secara (Persamaan. 24), dan (b) random berurutan mekanisme bi bi, di mana dua substrat dapat mengikat ke situs aktif
suatu
enzim dalam rangka baik dan dua produk datang dari enzim dalam rangka baik ( Persamaan. 25). Dalam mekanisme berurutan, semua
substrat
harus mengikat ke situs aktif enzim sebelum produk apapun terbentuk. Pada tipe ketiga, (c) bi bi ping-pong
mekanisme,
substrat harus terlebih dahulu mengikat dalam situs aktif dan satu produk yang dirilis sebelum substrat kedua dapat mengikat ke
dalam
situs aktif dan dapat dikatalisasi dengan produk (Persamaan. 26) . Ini jenis mekanisme yang terbaik ditentukan dengan memplot 1 /
n
o
dibandingkan 1 / [S] o menurut
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