5. Medical ComplicationsIn addition to the preceding neurogical compli terjemahan - 5. Medical ComplicationsIn addition to the preceding neurogical compli Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

5. Medical ComplicationsIn addition

5. Medical Complications
In addition to the preceding neurogical complications, the recovery of a patient with severe head injury is adversely influenced by medical complications. The most frequent medical complications include disturbances of serum electrolytes, particulary serum sodium, which occurs in as many as 60% of patients, and pneumonia, which occurs in as many as 40% of patients, with aspiration pneumonia being the most frequently occuring. Endotracheal intubation protects the airway best against large particles entering the bronchial tree; gastric fluids still pose a risk to he patient. Hypotension occurs commonly in both the prehospital and inpatient setting (22%) and may cause secondary brain injury. Coagulopathies (18%) and septicemia (10%) are less common complications of severe head injury. Cardiac dysrythmias occur more often in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and may mimic a cardiac contusion on electrocardiogram. Gastrointestinal bleeding is less common than in the past, in part due to heightened awareness and vigorous prophylactic treatment.
Septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, coagulopathy, and hypotension are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Prevention or effective treatment of these major and frequent extracranial complicationns following severe head injury could reduce morbidity and mortality in this group of patients.
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5. Medical ComplicationsIn addition to the preceding neurogical complications, the recovery of a patient with severe head injury is adversely influenced by medical complications. The most frequent medical complications include disturbances of serum electrolytes, particulary serum sodium, which occurs in as many as 60% of patients, and pneumonia, which occurs in as many as 40% of patients, with aspiration pneumonia being the most frequently occuring. Endotracheal intubation protects the airway best against large particles entering the bronchial tree; gastric fluids still pose a risk to he patient. Hypotension occurs commonly in both the prehospital and inpatient setting (22%) and may cause secondary brain injury. Coagulopathies (18%) and septicemia (10%) are less common complications of severe head injury. Cardiac dysrythmias occur more often in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and may mimic a cardiac contusion on electrocardiogram. Gastrointestinal bleeding is less common than in the past, in part due to heightened awareness and vigorous prophylactic treatment.Septicemia, nosocomial pneumonia, coagulopathy, and hypotension are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Prevention or effective treatment of these major and frequent extracranial complicationns following severe head injury could reduce morbidity and mortality in this group of patients.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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5. Komplikasi Medis
Selain komplikasi syaraf sebelumnya, pemulihan pasien dengan cedera kepala berat yang merugikan dipengaruhi oleh komplikasi medis. Komplikasi medis yang paling sering termasuk gangguan elektrolit serum, natrium khususnya serum, yang terjadi pada sebanyak 60% pasien, dan pneumonia, yang terjadi pada sebanyak 40% pasien, dengan pneumonia aspirasi yang paling sering yang terjadi. Intubasi endotrakeal melindungi jalan napas terbaik terhadap partikel besar memasuki pohon bronkial; cairan lambung masih menimbulkan risiko bagi dia pasien. Hipotensi terjadi umumnya pada kedua pra-rumah sakit dan pengaturan rawat inap (22%) dan dapat menyebabkan cedera otak sekunder. Koagulopati (18%) dan septikemia (10%) adalah komplikasi yang kurang umum dari cedera kepala berat. Dysrythmias jantung terjadi lebih sering pada pasien dengan perdarahan subarachnoid dan dapat meniru memar jantung pada elektrokardiogram. Perdarahan gastrointestinal kurang umum daripada di masa lalu, sebagian karena kesadaran tinggi dan pengobatan profilaksis kuat.
Septicemia, pneumonia nosokomial, koagulopati, dan hipotensi berhubungan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas meningkat. Pencegahan atau pengobatan yang efektif ini complicationns ekstrakranial besar dan sering mengikuti cedera kepala berat dapat mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas pada kelompok pasien ini.
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