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DISPATCHESDuringJanuary2013–August2014,atotalof1,800patientsinIranwhohadrespiratoryillnessweretestedforMiddleEastrespiratorysyndromecoronavirus.Aclusterof5casesoccurredinKermanProvinceduringMay–July2014,butvi-rustransmissionroutesforsomeinfectionswereunclear.Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was initially reported in September 2012 inSaudi Arabia (1); the first human infected died of respira-tory and renal failure (2,3). As of July 23, 2014, a total of837 human cases and 291 deaths had been reported (4); allcases were directly or indirectly linked to travel to or resi-dence in the Middle East.During January 2013–August 2014, a total of 1,800patients in Iran who had respiratory illness were tested forMERS-CoV. Patients tested during 2013 had been pilgrimsto Mecca, Saudi Arabia, during the Hajj; patients testedduring 2014 were pilgrims or had been hospitalized forrespiratory infections with unknown causes. We report acluster of 5 cases that occurred in the same hospital in Ker-man Province, Iran, during May–July 2014 (Table).The CasesPatient 1 was a 52-year-old woman with a history of hy-pertension who became ill on May 1, 2014, and was admit-ted to hospital A on May 11 with high fever (temperature>38°C), cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, and anorexia. Her con-dition deteriorated, and she was transferred to an intensivecare unit (ICU). Her condition remained poor, and on May29, 18 days after her symptoms began, she died of progres-sive respiratory failure. Patient 1 had not traveled to SaudiArabia, but she had had close contact with a woman whohad influenza-like illness and who had traveled to SaudiArabia 2 weeks before her symptoms began. This contactof patient 1 is suspected of being the index case-patient, butwhen throat swab and sputum samples were collected fromher, she had no symptoms, and PCR results were negative.A serum sample was not tested because serologic testingfor MERS-CoV was not available.Patient 2 was the 50-year-old sister of patient 1 andalso had a history of hypertension. She became ill on May11, 2014, with fever (temperature >38°C), cough, hemop-tysis, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. She was admitted tohospital A on May 17; her condition improved, and she wasdischarged on May 30, 19 days after onset of symptoms.Patient 3 was a 35-year-old female nurse assistant athospital A who had no underlying medical conditions. Hersymptoms of sore throat and productive cough were de-tected on May 26 as part of the investigation of the first2 cases; co-infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 wasdetected. Patient 3 had contact with patient 1 during herhospitalization in ICU. Patient 3 was advised to stay homeand follow infection control precautions until respiratorysamples tested negative.Patient 4 was a 44-year-old male physician at hospitalA with a history of chronic heart disease who had contactwith patient 1 during her hospitalization in ICU. Mild re-spiratory symptoms developed in patient 4 on June 6; hiscondition deteriorated, and he was admitted to a hospital inTehran, Iran, on June 17 with fever (temperature >38°C),sore throat, cough, dyspnea, chills, anorexia, and myalgia.Patient 4’s symptoms were initially severe, but his condi-tion improved, and he was discharged on June 21.Patient 5 was a 67-year-old woman who was admittedto hospital A on June 6 because of exacerbation of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease. She was discharged fromthe hospital on June 14 and was in stable condition until se-vere acute respiratory infection (SARI) developed. She wasreadmitted to hospital A with fever (temperature >38°C),cough, and dyspnea on June 25. During her first hospital-ization, the patient had close contact with another patientwho had SARI but had tested negative for MERS-CoV. Arespiratory sample from patient 5 was obtained on June 30,and she died on July 5.All 5 patients were residents of Kerman Province andhad no history of travel or contact with animals in the 14days before becoming ill. Throat swab specimens and spu-tum samples were collected and analyzed by using real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) performed onthe basis of a previously reported method by targeting theupstream E region and open reading frame 1b of the virus(5). Conventional RT-PCR was conducted for the N region(6). The PCR products of the N region were sequenced inboth directions.362EmergingInfectiousDiseases•www.cdc.gov/eid•Vol.21,No.2,February2015Cluster of Middle East Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus Infections in Iran, 2014Jila Yavarian, Farshid Rezaei, Azadeh Shadab, Mahmood Soroush,Mohammad Mehdi Gooya, Talat Mokhtari AzadAuthoraffiliations:TehranUniversityofMedicalSciencesSchoolofPublicHealth,Tehran,Iran(J.Yavarian,A.Shadab,T.MokhtariAzad);IranianCenterforCommunicableDiseaseControl,Tehran(F.Rezaei,M.Soroush,M.M.Gooya)DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2102.141405MERS-CoVinIran,2014The samples from patients 1, 2, and 4 yielded N genesequences positive for MERS-CoV. Phylogenetic analysisshowed differences between these sequences and a con-sensus sequence retrieved from GenBank (accession no.JX869059; Figure). All 3 sequences from these cases hadpolymorphisms at positions 28880 (T→C), 28941 (G→C),and 29097 (T→G). The mutation at position 28941 wasnonsynonymous with an aspartic acid to histidine change.For the isolate from patient 4, another nonsynonymous mu-tation was observed at position 29329 (C→T), which re-sulted a change of tyrosine to isoleucine. In all 3 sequences,nucleotide C was detected at position 29147, as was thecase with the first identified isolate of MERS-CoV. Forsome sequences in GenBank, this position contains T.
Conclusions
We identified a cluster of MERS-CoV infections in Iran,
showing apparent person-to-person transmission but with
unclear transmission routes for some patients. In this clus
-
ter, patient 1 was in close contact with a person suspected of
being the index case-patient, but we were unable to verify
the infection status of this patient. Patient 2 seems to have
acquired the infection from patient 1. The source of infec
-
tion for patients 3 and 4 was patient 1 or 2, but the source
for patient 5’s infection remains unknown. However, sub
-
clinical cases of MERS-CoV infection have been reported
to the World Health Organization (
7
); exposure to a person
with subclinical infection could explain an active infection
that has an unknown route of transmission.
Emerging
Infectious
Diseases
•
www.cdc.gov/eid
•
Vol.
21,
No.
2,
February
2015
363
Table
. Patient and clinical data on 5 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in Kerman
Province,
Iran, 2014
*
Patient
no.
Patient age,
y/sex
Date
of illness
onset
H
ospitalization
da
tes
Date
infection
confirm
ed
Date of death
GenBank accession no.
for isolate
1
52/F
May 1
May 11
–
29
May 24
May 29
KM044032
2
50/F
May 11
May 17
–
30
May 24
NA
KM044034
3
35/F
May 26
NA
May 31
NA
NA
4
44/M
Jun 6
Jun 17
–
21
Jun 19
NA
KM044033
5
67/F
Jun 25
Jun 25
–
Jul 5
Jul 5
Jul 4
NA
*NA, not applicable.
Figure.
Phylogenic
sequence
analysis
of
3
Middle
East
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
(MERS-CoV)
isolates
from
patients
in
Kerman
Province,
Iran
(boldface),
2014,
compared
with
sequences
from
GenBank
(accession
numbers
shown).
MEGA
5.2
(http://www.
megasoftware.net)
was
used
for
construction
of
neighbor-joining
tree
by
using
the
Kimura
2-parameter
model
with
uniform
rates
and
1,000
bootstrap
replicates.
DISPATCHES
Throat swab specimens and sputum samples were col
-
lected from all close contacts of the 5 patients in this clus
-
ter, including family members, other patients in the hospi
-
tal, and health care workers. All samples were negative for
MERS-CoV. Patient 1 had a pregnant daughter who was a
frequent visitor during her hospitalization but who tested
negative for MERS-CoV by real-time RT-PCR.
Before patient 1 was hospitalized, none of her con
-
tacts showed signs of MERS-CoV infection, but after her
hospitalization (during her second week of her illness), her
sister became ill and subsequently tested positive for the
virus. This finding suggests that, as with severe acute re
-
spiratory syndrome, MERS-CoV is not readily transmitted
during the early phases of the disease (
3
), in contrast to the
other human coronaviruses, which are transmitted early in
the infection (
2
). Early recognition of confirmed MERS-
CoV infections and investigation of the contacts of these
patients are critical for effective epidemic control. Because
Saudi Arabia has reported the highest number of MERS-
CoV infections, one approach for limiting the transmission
of this virus may be to screen travelers from Iran who re
-
port SARI to detect MERS-CoV. However, screening of
pilgrims from Iran who traveled to Mecca during the 2013
Hajj did not detect MERS-CoV infections (National Influ
-
enza Center Iran, unpub. data).
Our investigation has limitations. First, some persons
who may have had MERS-CoV infection were not tested,
such as the probable index case-patient with whom patient
1 had contact, the patient with SARI with whom patient
5 had contact, and the contacts of these persons. Second,
we performed N gene PCRs on samples from all 5 case-
patients, but results were negative for patients 3 and 5,
which suggests that these samples should be tested with
more specific primers.
In summary, we identified 5 cases of MERS-CoV in
the same province in Iran; for several of these cases, vi
-
rus transmission routes were not clearly defined. Future
research should focus on clarifying routes of transmission
for this virus, including the possibility of transmission from
persons with subclinical infection.
This work was supported by the Virology Department, School of
Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Dr. Yavari
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