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Feature Articulatory descriptionMajor class features Sonorant Produced with vocal tract caviry configuration in which spontaneous voicing is possible.(Nonsonorant=obsturent) Vocalic Construction does not exceed that of high vowels, and position of cords alllows spontaneous voicing.(Syllabic) (Proposed renaming of vocalic)Consonantal Radical obstruction in mid-sagittal region of vocal tract.Coronal Produced with blade of tongue raised from neutralAnterior Produced with obstruction in front of palato-alveolar region.High Tongue body above neutral position.Low Tongue body below neutral position.Back Tongue body retracted from neutral position.Distributed Construction extends for some distance along direction of airflow.Covered Pharynx walls narrowed and tensed and larynx raised (in vowel production).Glottal construction Construction of vocal cords.Nasal Lowered velum.Lateral Lowered side(s) of mid-section of tongue.Manner of articulation features Continuant Primary construction in vocal tract does not block airflow.Instantaneous release Instantaneous release (of stops)(Chomsky and Halle’s discussion, 1968, pp. 318-22, suggest two release feautures : 16.a Instantaneous versus delayed release of primary closures 16.b Instantaneous versus delayed release of secondary closures 17. Velar(ic) suction Velar closure producing suction (clicks)18. Implosion Glottal closure producing suction (implosive)19. Velar(ic) pressure (Velar clossure producing pressure-no evidence of use in language)20. Ejection Glottal closure producing pressure (ejectives)21. Tense Deliberate, accurate, maximally distinc articulation (of supraglottal musculature)(Nontense=lax) Source features 22. Heightened subglottal pressure Tenseness in subglottal musculature producing greater subglottal pressure.
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