These agreements provide for the efficient flow of data to appropriate terjemahan - These agreements provide for the efficient flow of data to appropriate Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

These agreements provide for the ef

These agreements provide for the efficient flow of data to appropriate users
by avoiding duplication, minimizing burden, protecting confidentiality, and
maximizing analytic utility. In this chapter, we have noted that health information
exists in a variety of settings: Individuals have knowledge about their
own situations, lifestyles, attitudes, etc.; health providers maintain patients'
records about diagnosis and care delivered; laboratories report information on
test results; government agencies routinely conduct surveys and generate
information about their services. Users (e.g., public health officials, policy
makers, and researchers) describe a wide variety of needs for information
(e.g., disease surveillance, epidemiologic and prevention research, trend statistics,
and policy research) and, to some extent, bear the burden of demonstrating
that these needs are legitimate enough to justify the burden imposed
on those who provide data (Ehling 1996).
In many cases, organizations serve multiple roles—as initial sources of data,
as intermediaries that add value before passing data on to other users, and as
end users of data from a variety of sources. Currently, however, a variety of
barriers exist that tend to divide and isolate users and sources and have led to
the creation of multiple, independent information systems to meet the needs of
diverse users. Such barriers include policies, legislation, and organizational
practices that unnecessarily impede access to data; end users that specify
system requirements that exceed real needs, necessitating unique systems;
categorical funding for surveillance and data systems; and a "turf and control"
culture that encourages independence rather than cooperation. Finally, concerns
about confidentiality and a conflict between the individual's right to
privacy and the public's need to know have not been resolved (Neslund 1996).
Summary
Public health surveillance is a cornerstone of public health practice, providing
the scientific and factual database essential to informed decision-making and
action. Surveillance data have many uses but, in general, are needed for the
assessment of the health status of a population in order to set public health
priorities and determine appropriate actions. Surveillance is based on morbidity,
mortality, and risk factor data, as well as information from outside of
the traditional public health system.
Surveillance systems are established for the identification of specific outcomes,
such as a disease or injury, or for risk factors, and must have clearly
expressed goals. Explicit case definitions are essential for a useful surveillance
system. The initiation and maintenance of any successful surveillance system
will reflect recognition of the human element in surveillance practice—in data
collection, analysis, and data dissemination. Attention to the people involved
in such a system will increase its use.
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These agreements provide for the efficient flow of data to appropriate usersby avoiding duplication, minimizing burden, protecting confidentiality, andmaximizing analytic utility. In this chapter, we have noted that health informationexists in a variety of settings: Individuals have knowledge about theirown situations, lifestyles, attitudes, etc.; health providers maintain patients'records about diagnosis and care delivered; laboratories report information ontest results; government agencies routinely conduct surveys and generateinformation about their services. Users (e.g., public health officials, policymakers, and researchers) describe a wide variety of needs for information(e.g., disease surveillance, epidemiologic and prevention research, trend statistics,and policy research) and, to some extent, bear the burden of demonstratingthat these needs are legitimate enough to justify the burden imposedon those who provide data (Ehling 1996).In many cases, organizations serve multiple roles—as initial sources of data,as intermediaries that add value before passing data on to other users, and asend users of data from a variety of sources. Currently, however, a variety ofbarriers exist that tend to divide and isolate users and sources and have led tothe creation of multiple, independent information systems to meet the needs ofdiverse users. Such barriers include policies, legislation, and organizationalpractices that unnecessarily impede access to data; end users that specifysystem requirements that exceed real needs, necessitating unique systems;categorical funding for surveillance and data systems; and a "turf and control"culture that encourages independence rather than cooperation. Finally, concernsabout confidentiality and a conflict between the individual's right toprivacy and the public's need to know have not been resolved (Neslund 1996).SummaryPublic health surveillance is a cornerstone of public health practice, providingthe scientific and factual database essential to informed decision-making andaction. Surveillance data have many uses but, in general, are needed for theassessment of the health status of a population in order to set public healthpriorities and determine appropriate actions. Surveillance is based on morbidity,mortality, and risk factor data, as well as information from outside ofthe traditional public health system.Surveillance systems are established for the identification of specific outcomes,such as a disease or injury, or for risk factors, and must have clearlyexpressed goals. Explicit case definitions are essential for a useful surveillancesystem. The initiation and maintenance of any successful surveillance systemwill reflect recognition of the human element in surveillance practice—in datacollection, analysis, and data dissemination. Attention to the people involvedin such a system will increase its use.
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Kesepakatan ini menyediakan aliran data yang efisien kepada pengguna sesuai
dengan menghindari duplikasi, meminimalkan beban, melindungi kerahasiaan, dan
memaksimalkan utilitas analitik. Dalam bab ini, kita telah mencatat bahwa informasi kesehatan
yang ada di berbagai pengaturan: Individu memiliki pengetahuan tentang mereka
situasi sendiri, gaya hidup, sikap, dll .; penyedia kesehatan menjaga pasien
catatan tentang diagnosis dan perawatan disampaikan; laboratorium melaporkan informasi tentang
hasil tes; instansi pemerintah secara rutin melakukan survei dan menghasilkan
informasi tentang layanan mereka. Pengguna (misalnya, pejabat publik kesehatan, kebijakan
pembuat, dan peneliti) menggambarkan berbagai macam kebutuhan informasi
(misalnya, surveilans penyakit, epidemiologi dan pencegahan penelitian, statistik tren,
dan penelitian kebijakan) dan, sampai batas tertentu, menanggung beban menunjukkan
bahwa kebutuhan ini cukup sah untuk membenarkan beban yang dikenakan
pada mereka yang menyediakan data (Ehling 1996).
Dalam banyak kasus, organisasi melayani beberapa peran-sebagai sumber awal data,
sebagai perantara yang menambah nilai sebelum melewati data ke pengguna lain, dan sebagai
pengguna akhir data dari berbagai sumber. Saat ini, bagaimanapun, berbagai
hambatan yang ada yang cenderung membagi dan mengisolasi pengguna dan sumber dan telah menyebabkan
terciptanya beberapa, sistem informasi independen untuk memenuhi kebutuhan
pengguna yang beragam. Hambatan tersebut meliputi kebijakan, legislasi, dan organisasi
praktek-praktek yang tidak perlu menghalangi akses ke data; pengguna akhir yang menentukan
persyaratan sistem yang melebihi kebutuhan riil, sehingga diperlukan sistem yang unik;
pendanaan kategoris untuk pengawasan dan data sistem; dan "rumput dan kontrol"
budaya yang mendorong kemerdekaan daripada kerjasama. Akhirnya, kekhawatiran
tentang kerahasiaan dan konflik antara individu hak untuk
privasi dan kebutuhan publik untuk mengetahui belum terselesaikan (Neslund 1996).
Ringkasan
surveilans kesehatan masyarakat adalah landasan praktik kesehatan masyarakat, menyediakan
database ilmiah dan faktual penting untuk diinformasikan pengambilan keputusan dan
tindakan. Data surveilans memiliki banyak kegunaan, tetapi, secara umum, diperlukan untuk
penilaian status kesehatan penduduk dalam rangka untuk mengatur kesehatan masyarakat
prioritas dan menentukan tindakan yang tepat. Surveillance didasarkan pada morbiditas,
mortalitas, dan data faktor risiko, serta informasi dari luar
sistem kesehatan masyarakat tradisional.
Sistem surveilans ditetapkan untuk identifikasi hasil yang spesifik,
seperti penyakit atau cedera, atau faktor risiko, dan harus memiliki jelas
tujuan diungkapkan. Definisi kasus eksplisit sangat penting untuk pengawasan berguna
sistem. Inisiasi dan pemeliharaan sistem surveilans yang berhasil
akan mencerminkan pengakuan unsur manusia dalam pengawasan praktek-data
pengumpulan, analisis, dan penyebaran data. Perhatian kepada orang-orang yang terlibat
dalam sistem tersebut akan meningkatkan penggunaannya.
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