3  PROCEDURES3.1 Project Identification3.1.1 Within the planning proce terjemahan - 3  PROCEDURES3.1 Project Identification3.1.1 Within the planning proce Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

3 PROCEDURES3.1 Project Identifica

3 PROCEDURES

3.1 Project Identification

3.1.1 Within the planning process, an appraisal (see Appendix 1 for definition) of the proposed area will have been carried out, normally by the planning archaeologist or curator. The preservation of archaeological remains is a material consideration in the planning process, and local authorities can reasonably request further information about archaeological matters, so that 'an informed and reasonable planning decision can be taken' (PPG 16, para 21, PPG 15 para 2.11, 2.15, 2.17 and 3.23, PG Wales para 136, NPPG para 14). Such information is normally provided through carrying out a desk-based assessment and/or field evaluation.

3.1.2 Depending on the results of the assessment further archaeological work may be required and such requirements are normally determined by the planning archaeologist or curator (but see 3.2.8). These requirements will form part of an agreed mitigation strategy and may be implemented by way of a planning condition or other agreement.

3.1.3 Environmental Assessment (EA) applies to projects potentially having significant environmental effects (EC Directive 85/337, and as implemented in the UK via various Statutory Instruments etc). EA involves appraisal, desk-based assessment and in many instances field evaluation. The resulting Environmental Statement (ES) will contain recommendations for mitigating impact on the archaeological resource. The agreed mitigation strategies may include archaeological excavation and such work would not normally take place before a planning inquiry or public local inquiry.

3.1.4 In response to a development outside the planning process, the principles of desk-based assessment and/or field evaluation, leading to the formulation of mitigation strategies as appropriate, should similarly apply.

3.1.5 In a research context, excavation area(s) will have been identified and selected by an archaeologist on the basis of specific aspects or themes relating to defined research interests. This could include work undertaken through universities, central government agencies, local authorities, museums, independent trusts, amateur organisations and societies, private companies, groups or individuals.

3.1.6 Management proposals by private landowners or others may also result in excavations, to obtain information in order to enhance or protect the understanding and management of the environmental or archaeological resource.

3.1.7 However it arises, an archaeologist should only undertake an excavation which is governed by a written specification or project design (see Appendices 2 and 3) agreed by all relevant parties, as this is the tool against which performance, fitness for purpose, and hence achievement of standards can be measured.

3.1.8 The specification or project design is therefore of critical importance.


3.2 Briefs/Project Outlines, Specifications and Project Designs

3.2.1 The planning and preparation stage of any project is key to its success. This section addresses the initial design stages of an excavation.

3.2.2 A brief (or project outline in Scotland) is an outline of the circumstances to be addressed, with an indication of the scope of works that will be required (IFA Code of approved practice for the regulation of contractual arrangements in field archaeology; ACAO 1993 Appendix D, 14-15; Historic Scotland 1996a, 2-6). It does not provide sufficient detail to form the basis for a measurable standard; but it could form the basis for a specification or a project design.

3.2.3 A specification sets out a schedule of work in sufficient detail for it to be quantifiable, implemented and monitored (ACAO 1993 Appendix D, 15). It should be sufficient to form the basis for a measurable standard.

3.2.4 A project design also sets out a schedule of works in sufficient detail for the work undertaken to be quantifiable, implemented and monitored, and therefore also forms the basis for a measurable standard. However, a project design may include additional information which covers contractual details such as staffing levels or cost relevant to the commissioning but not necessarily the monitoring body. A project design may be prepared in response to a brief/project outline or specification or it may be a research proposal independent of the planning framework (project designs and their contents are further addressed in Appendix 3, English Heritage 1991, Appendix 2, Historic Scotland 1996a, 7).

3.2.5 A brief/project outline or a specification may form the basis for a project design. For excavations within the planning framework, the brief/project outline or specification will usually be prepared by the planning archaeologist or curator and issued by the commissioning body (the developers or their agents) to selected tenderers, who respond with a costed project design. The brief/project outline or a specification may be prepared by the applicants or their agents, but it essential that the planning archaeologist/curator has agreed the proposals so that they have been accepted as 'fit for purpose'.

3.2.6 Briefs/project outlines, specifications and project designs must be prepared by suitably qualified and experienced persons, using specialist advice where necessary.

3.2.7 In the case of EA, the brief/project outline or specification will usually be prepared by the developers or their agents, discussed with the planning archaeologist/curator and issued to tenderers who again respond with a costed project design. This may also apply to management proposals.

3.2.8 Proposals for excavations not prompted by a threat to potential archaeological remains will normally take the form of a project design prepared by the researching archaeologist, and agreed with any commissioning body. If there is no external commissioner there must nevertheless be a written design so that the validity of any models or questions posed can be properly assessed, or so that legal requirements (eg Scheduled Monument Consent) can be properly applied.

3.2.9 No excavation should take place on the basis of a brief/project outline alone, as it could not achieve the appropriate standard, there being nothing to measure performance against.

3.2.10 The specification or a project design must be expressed in sufficiently robust terms and in sufficient detail to withstand challenges on archaeological or legal grounds.

3.2.11 In preparing a specification or project design the archaeologists must give full consideration to all available practicable methods of excavation (Annex 1), and decide upon the most appropriate and best available to meet the purpose of the work, seeking specialist advice where necessary. An archaeologist preparing a specification or project design must examine all appropriate sources, be fully apprised of all relevant legislation, and abide by it.

3.2.12 In both the planning and execution of excavations, where there is no immediate threat to the archaeological resource, the archaeologist must ensure that the excavation causes the minimum damage or destruction necessary to meet the stated research aims of the project.

3.2.13 The project design should include an agreed collection and disposal strategy for artefacts and ecofacts (see also 3.3.8).

3.2.14 It follows that such fieldwork may be properly terminated, as long as the resource is left in a stable condition before the project design is fulfilled, if remains of such significance are discovered as to call into question the decision to excavate. In such circumstances the archaeologist should inform the relevant bodies and seek to ensure that appropriate management measures are taken (see also 3.3.1).

3.2.15 The specification or project design must be suited to the project under consideration; any methods advocated must reflect the nature of archaeological remains likely to be found and should not become inflexible irrespective of site. Standard templates should therefore be used with care. Other considerations include 'reasonableness' in relation to scale of threat, presence of buildings, land-use, value for money etc.

3.2.16 When preparing a specification or project design, consideration should be given to the inclusion of appropriate contingency arrangements with respect to field procedures and thus often to resourcing. In many cases it may not be possible to meet the project objectives without a reasonable degree of flexibility to apply professional judgement in the field. Commissioners and curators should be advised that overly rigid requirements might unavoidably result in a failure to meet archaeological and non-archaeological objectives. Contingency arrangements should not be open-ended but should be properly specified in their own right and reflect prior knowledge of the site, the physical context of the site and the primary objectives of the excavation. Contractors must be in a position to justify in detail the eventual implementation of contingency arrangements.

3.2.17 The specification or project design should contain, as a minimum, the following elements:

* non-technical summary
* site location (including map) and descriptions
* context of the project
* geological and topographical background
* archaeological and historical background
* reference to legislation
* general and specific aims of fieldwork
* field methodology
* collection and disposal strategy for artefacts and ecofacts
* arrangements for immediate conservation of artefacts
* post-fieldwork methodology and report preparation
* report preparation (method)
* publication and dissemination proposals
* copyright
* archive deposition
* timetable
* staffing
* Health & Safety considerations
* monitoring procedures
* contingency arrangements (if appropriate)

3.2.18 The contents, and different weighting of detail between specification and/or project design are amplified in Appendices 2 and 3. Briefs/project outlines and specifications are also discussed in detail in ACAO (1993) and Historic Scotland (1996
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3 PROCEDURES3.1 Project Identification3.1.1 Within the planning process, an appraisal (see Appendix 1 for definition) of the proposed area will have been carried out, normally by the planning archaeologist or curator. The preservation of archaeological remains is a material consideration in the planning process, and local authorities can reasonably request further information about archaeological matters, so that 'an informed and reasonable planning decision can be taken' (PPG 16, para 21, PPG 15 para 2.11, 2.15, 2.17 and 3.23, PG Wales para 136, NPPG para 14). Such information is normally provided through carrying out a desk-based assessment and/or field evaluation. 3.1.2 Depending on the results of the assessment further archaeological work may be required and such requirements are normally determined by the planning archaeologist or curator (but see 3.2.8). These requirements will form part of an agreed mitigation strategy and may be implemented by way of a planning condition or other agreement.3.1.3 Environmental Assessment (EA) applies to projects potentially having significant environmental effects (EC Directive 85/337, and as implemented in the UK via various Statutory Instruments etc). EA involves appraisal, desk-based assessment and in many instances field evaluation. The resulting Environmental Statement (ES) will contain recommendations for mitigating impact on the archaeological resource. The agreed mitigation strategies may include archaeological excavation and such work would not normally take place before a planning inquiry or public local inquiry.3.1.4 In response to a development outside the planning process, the principles of desk-based assessment and/or field evaluation, leading to the formulation of mitigation strategies as appropriate, should similarly apply.3.1.5 In a research context, excavation area(s) will have been identified and selected by an archaeologist on the basis of specific aspects or themes relating to defined research interests. This could include work undertaken through universities, central government agencies, local authorities, museums, independent trusts, amateur organisations and societies, private companies, groups or individuals.3.1.6 Management proposals by private landowners or others may also result in excavations, to obtain information in order to enhance or protect the understanding and management of the environmental or archaeological resource.3.1.7 However it arises, an archaeologist should only undertake an excavation which is governed by a written specification or project design (see Appendices 2 and 3) agreed by all relevant parties, as this is the tool against which performance, fitness for purpose, and hence achievement of standards can be measured.3.1.8 The specification or project design is therefore of critical importance.3.2 Briefs/Project Outlines, Specifications and Project Designs3.2.1 The planning and preparation stage of any project is key to its success. This section addresses the initial design stages of an excavation.3.2.2 A brief (or project outline in Scotland) is an outline of the circumstances to be addressed, with an indication of the scope of works that will be required (IFA Code of approved practice for the regulation of contractual arrangements in field archaeology; ACAO 1993 Appendix D, 14-15; Historic Scotland 1996a, 2-6). It does not provide sufficient detail to form the basis for a measurable standard; but it could form the basis for a specification or a project design.3.2.3 A specification sets out a schedule of work in sufficient detail for it to be quantifiable, implemented and monitored (ACAO 1993 Appendix D, 15). It should be sufficient to form the basis for a measurable standard.3.2.4 A project design also sets out a schedule of works in sufficient detail for the work undertaken to be quantifiable, implemented and monitored, and therefore also forms the basis for a measurable standard. However, a project design may include additional information which covers contractual details such as staffing levels or cost relevant to the commissioning but not necessarily the monitoring body. A project design may be prepared in response to a brief/project outline or specification or it may be a research proposal independent of the planning framework (project designs and their contents are further addressed in Appendix 3, English Heritage 1991, Appendix 2, Historic Scotland 1996a, 7).3.2.5 A brief/project outline or a specification may form the basis for a project design. For excavations within the planning framework, the brief/project outline or specification will usually be prepared by the planning archaeologist or curator and issued by the commissioning body (the developers or their agents) to selected tenderers, who respond with a costed project design. The brief/project outline or a specification may be prepared by the applicants or their agents, but it essential that the planning archaeologist/curator has agreed the proposals so that they have been accepted as 'fit for purpose'.3.2.6 Briefs/project outlines, specifications and project designs must be prepared by suitably qualified and experienced persons, using specialist advice where necessary.3.2.7 In the case of EA, the brief/project outline or specification will usually be prepared by the developers or their agents, discussed with the planning archaeologist/curator and issued to tenderers who again respond with a costed project design. This may also apply to management proposals.3.2.8 Proposals for excavations not prompted by a threat to potential archaeological remains will normally take the form of a project design prepared by the researching archaeologist, and agreed with any commissioning body. If there is no external commissioner there must nevertheless be a written design so that the validity of any models or questions posed can be properly assessed, or so that legal requirements (eg Scheduled Monument Consent) can be properly applied.3.2.9 No excavation should take place on the basis of a brief/project outline alone, as it could not achieve the appropriate standard, there being nothing to measure performance against.3.2.10 The specification or a project design must be expressed in sufficiently robust terms and in sufficient detail to withstand challenges on archaeological or legal grounds.3.2.11 In preparing a specification or project design the archaeologists must give full consideration to all available practicable methods of excavation (Annex 1), and decide upon the most appropriate and best available to meet the purpose of the work, seeking specialist advice where necessary. An archaeologist preparing a specification or project design must examine all appropriate sources, be fully apprised of all relevant legislation, and abide by it.3.2.12 In both the planning and execution of excavations, where there is no immediate threat to the archaeological resource, the archaeologist must ensure that the excavation causes the minimum damage or destruction necessary to meet the stated research aims of the project.3.2.13 The project design should include an agreed collection and disposal strategy for artefacts and ecofacts (see also 3.3.8).3.2.14 It follows that such fieldwork may be properly terminated, as long as the resource is left in a stable condition before the project design is fulfilled, if remains of such significance are discovered as to call into question the decision to excavate. In such circumstances the archaeologist should inform the relevant bodies and seek to ensure that appropriate management measures are taken (see also 3.3.1).3.2.15 The specification or project design must be suited to the project under consideration; any methods advocated must reflect the nature of archaeological remains likely to be found and should not become inflexible irrespective of site. Standard templates should therefore be used with care. Other considerations include 'reasonableness' in relation to scale of threat, presence of buildings, land-use, value for money etc. 3.2.16 When preparing a specification or project design, consideration should be given to the inclusion of appropriate contingency arrangements with respect to field procedures and thus often to resourcing. In many cases it may not be possible to meet the project objectives without a reasonable degree of flexibility to apply professional judgement in the field. Commissioners and curators should be advised that overly rigid requirements might unavoidably result in a failure to meet archaeological and non-archaeological objectives. Contingency arrangements should not be open-ended but should be properly specified in their own right and reflect prior knowledge of the site, the physical context of the site and the primary objectives of the excavation. Contractors must be in a position to justify in detail the eventual implementation of contingency arrangements.3.2.17 The specification or project design should contain, as a minimum, the following elements:* non-technical summary* site location (including map) and descriptions* context of the project* geological and topographical background* archaeological and historical background* reference to legislation* general and specific aims of fieldwork* field methodology* collection and disposal strategy for artefacts and ecofacts* arrangements for immediate conservation of artefacts* post-fieldwork methodology and report preparation* report preparation (method)* publication and dissemination proposals* copyright* archive deposition* timetable* staffing* Health & Safety considerations* monitoring procedures* contingency arrangements (if appropriate)3.2.18 The contents, and different weighting of detail between specification and/or project design are amplified in Appendices 2 and 3. Briefs/project outlines and specifications are also discussed in detail in ACAO (1993) and Historic Scotland (1996
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3 PROSEDUR 3.1 Proyek Identifikasi 3.1.1 Dalam proses perencanaan, penilai (lihat Lampiran 1 untuk definisi) dari daerah yang diusulkan akan telah dilakukan, biasanya oleh arkeolog perencanaan atau kurator. Pelestarian peninggalan arkeologi adalah bahan pertimbangan dalam proses perencanaan, dan otoritas lokal cukup dapat meminta informasi lebih lanjut tentang hal-hal arkeologi, sehingga 'keputusan perencanaan informasi dan masuk akal dapat diambil' (PPG 16, para 21, PPG 15 ayat 2.11 , 2,15, 2,17 dan 3,23, PG Wales para 136, NPPG para 14). Informasi tersebut biasanya disediakan melalui melakukan evaluasi penilaian dan / atau lapangan-meja berbasis. 3.1.2 Tergantung pada hasil penilaian pekerjaan lebih lanjut arkeologi mungkin diperlukan dan persyaratan tersebut biasanya ditentukan oleh arkeolog perencanaan atau kurator (tapi lihat 3.2.8). Persyaratan ini akan membentuk bagian dari strategi mitigasi yang disepakati dan dapat diimplementasikan dengan cara kondisi perencanaan atau perjanjian lainnya. 3.1.3 Lingkungan (EA) berlaku untuk proyek-proyek yang berpotensi memiliki dampak lingkungan yang signifikan (EC Directive 85/337, dan seperti yang diterapkan di Inggris melalui berbagai Wajib Instrumen dll). EA melibatkan penilaian, penilaian-meja berbasis dan dalam banyak kasus evaluasi lapangan. Pernyataan Lingkungan yang dihasilkan (ES) akan berisi rekomendasi untuk mengurangi dampak pada sumber daya arkeologi. Strategi mitigasi yang disepakati dapat mencakup penggalian arkeologi dan bekerja seperti biasanya tidak akan terjadi sebelum penyelidikan perencanaan atau pertanyaan lokal masyarakat. 3.1.4 Menanggapi perkembangan luar proses perencanaan, prinsip-prinsip penilaian-meja berbasis dan / atau evaluasi lapangan , yang mengarah ke perumusan strategi mitigasi yang sesuai, sama harus diterapkan. 3.1.5 Dalam konteks penelitian, daerah penggalian (s) akan telah diidentifikasi dan dipilih oleh seorang arkeolog atas dasar aspek atau tema tertentu yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan penelitian didefinisikan . Hal ini dapat mencakup pekerjaan yang dilakukan melalui perguruan tinggi, instansi pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, museum, trust independen, organisasi amatir dan masyarakat, perusahaan swasta, kelompok atau individu. 3.1.6 proposal Manajemen oleh pemilik tanah swasta atau orang lain juga dapat mengakibatkan penggalian, untuk mendapatkan informasi dalam rangka untuk meningkatkan atau melindungi pemahaman dan pengelolaan sumber daya lingkungan atau arkeologi. 3.1.7 Namun muncul, seorang arkeolog seharusnya hanya melakukan penggalian yang diatur oleh spesifikasi tertulis atau proyek desain (lihat Lampiran 2 dan 3) setuju oleh semua pihak terkait, karena ini adalah alat terhadap yang kinerja, kesesuaian untuk tujuan, dan karenanya pencapaian standar dapat diukur. 3.1.8 Spesifikasi atau desain proyek karena sangat penting adalah. 3,2 Brief / Proyek Garis, Spesifikasi dan Proyek Desain 3.2.1 perencanaan dan persiapan tahap setiap proyek adalah kunci untuk keberhasilan. Bagian ini membahas tahap desain awal dari sebuah penggalian. 3.2.2 Sebuah singkat (atau garis besar proyek di Skotlandia) adalah garis besar keadaan ditangani, dengan indikasi lingkup pekerjaan yang akan diperlukan (IFA Kode disetujui praktek untuk regulasi pengaturan kontrak di bidang arkeologi; Ação 1993 Lampiran D, 14-15; Historic Scotland 1996a, 2-6). Ini tidak memberikan detail yang cukup untuk membentuk dasar untuk standar terukur; tetapi bisa membentuk dasar untuk spesifikasi atau desain proyek. 3.2.3 spesifikasi A menetapkan jadwal kerja secara cukup rinci agar bisa diukur, diimplementasikan dan dimonitor (Ação 1993 Lampiran D, 15). Ini harus cukup untuk membentuk dasar untuk standar terukur. 3.2.4 Sebuah desain proyek juga menetapkan jadwal karya secara cukup rinci untuk pekerjaan yang dilakukan untuk menjadi kuantitatif, diimplementasikan dan dimonitor, dan karena itu juga membentuk dasar untuk diukur standar. Namun, desain proyek dapat mencakup informasi tambahan yang mencakup rincian kontrak seperti tingkat staf atau biaya yang relevan untuk commissioning tetapi belum tentu tubuh pemantauan. Sebuah desain proyek dapat dibuat dalam menanggapi singkat / proyek outline atau spesifikasi atau mungkin independen proposal penelitian dari kerangka perencanaan (desain proyek dan isinya lebih lanjut dibahas dalam Lampiran 3, English Heritage 1991, Lampiran 2, Historic Scotland 1996a, 7). 3.2.5 A singkat / proyek outline atau spesifikasi dapat membentuk dasar untuk desain proyek. Untuk penggalian dalam kerangka perencanaan, singkat / proyek outline atau spesifikasi biasanya akan disiapkan oleh arkeolog perencanaan atau kurator dan dikeluarkan oleh tubuh commissioning (pengembang atau agen mereka) ke penawar yang dipilih, yang merespon dengan desain proyek dihitung biayanya. Singkat / proyek outline atau spesifikasi dapat dibuat oleh pelamar atau agen mereka, tetapi penting bahwa arkeolog perencanaan / kurator telah menyetujui proposal sehingga mereka telah diterima sebagai 'cocok untuk tujuan'. 3.2.6 celana / proyek menguraikan, spesifikasi dan desain proyek harus disiapkan oleh orang yang berkualitas dan berpengalaman, menggunakan saran spesialis mana yang diperlukan. 3.2.7 Dalam kasus EA, singkat / proyek outline atau spesifikasi biasanya akan disiapkan oleh pengembang atau agen mereka, dibahas dengan perencanaan arkeolog / kurator dan dikeluarkan untuk penawar yang lagi merespon dengan desain proyek dihitung biayanya. Ini juga berlaku untuk proposal manajemen. 3.2.8 Proposal untuk penggalian tidak diminta oleh ancaman potensial peninggalan arkeologis biasanya akan mengambil bentuk desain proyek yang disiapkan oleh arkeolog meneliti, dan setuju dengan tubuh commissioning. Jika tidak ada komisaris eksternal pasti tetap menjadi desain ditulis sehingga validitas dari setiap model atau pertanyaan yang diajukan dapat dinilai baik, atau agar persyaratan hukum (misalnya Dijadwalkan Monumen Consent) dapat diterapkan dengan baik. 3.2.9 Tidak ada penggalian harus berlangsung atas dasar gambaran singkat / proyek saja, karena tidak bisa mencapai standar yang sesuai, ada yang tidak ada untuk mengukur kinerja terhadap. 3.2.10 Spesifikasi atau desain proyek harus dinyatakan dalam istilah cukup kuat dan cukup rinci untuk menahan tantangan atas dasar arkeologi atau hukum. 3.2.11 Dalam mempersiapkan spesifikasi atau proyek desain arkeolog harus memberikan pertimbangan penuh untuk semua metode praktis yang tersedia penggalian (Lampiran 1), dan memutus paling tepat dan terbaik yang tersedia untuk memenuhi tujuan pekerjaan, mencari nasihat spesialis mana yang diperlukan. Seorang arkeolog mempersiapkan spesifikasi atau proyek desain harus memeriksa semua sumber yang tepat, sepenuhnya diberitahu tentang semua peraturan yang relevan, dan mematuhi itu. 3.2.12 Dalam kedua perencanaan dan pelaksanaan penggalian, di mana tidak ada ancaman langsung terhadap sumber daya arkeologi, arkeolog harus memastikan bahwa penggalian menyebabkan kerusakan minimum atau kehancuran yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi tujuan penelitian menyatakan proyek. 3.2.13 Rancangan proyek harus mencakup pengumpulan dan pembuangan strategi setuju untuk artefak dan ecofacts (lihat juga 3.3.8). 3.2.14 Oleh karena itu kerja lapangan tersebut dapat dihentikan dengan benar, asalkan sumber daya yang tersisa dalam kondisi stabil sebelum desain proyek terpenuhi, jika sisa-sisa signifikansi tersebut ditemukan untuk mempertanyakan keputusan untuk menggali. Dalam keadaan seperti arkeolog harus menginformasikan badan yang relevan dan berusaha untuk memastikan bahwa langkah-langkah manajemen yang tepat diambil (lihat juga 3.3.1). 3.2.15 Spesifikasi atau proyek desain harus sesuai dengan proyek yang sedang dipertimbangkan; setiap metode menganjurkan harus mencerminkan sifat arkeologi masih mungkin ditemukan dan tidak harus menjadi tidak fleksibel terlepas dari situs. Template standar karenanya harus digunakan dengan hati-hati. Pertimbangan lainnya termasuk 'kewajaran' dalam kaitannya dengan skala ancaman, keberadaan bangunan, penggunaan lahan, nilai uang dll 3.2.16 Ketika mempersiapkan spesifikasi atau proyek desain, pertimbangan harus diberikan untuk masuknya pengaturan kontingensi yang sesuai dengan hormat ke lapangan prosedur dan dengan demikian sering resourcing. Dalam banyak kasus tidak mungkin untuk memenuhi tujuan proyek tanpa gelar wajar fleksibilitas untuk menerapkan pertimbangan profesional di lapangan. Komisaris dan kurator harus diperhatikan bahwa persyaratan terlalu kaku mungkin terhindarkan mengakibatkan kegagalan untuk memenuhi tujuan arkeologi dan non-arkeologi. Pengaturan kontingensi tidak harus terbuka tetapi harus benar ditentukan di kanan mereka sendiri dan mencerminkan pengetahuan tentang situs, konteks fisik situs dan tujuan utama dari penggalian. Kontraktor harus berada dalam posisi untuk membenarkan secara rinci pelaksanaan akhirnya pengaturan kontingensi. 3.2.17 Spesifikasi atau proyek desain harus berisi, sebagai minimum, unsur-unsur berikut: * non-teknis Ringkasan lokasi * Situs (termasuk peta) dan deskripsi * konteks proyek * geologi dan topografi latar belakang * latar belakang arkeologi dan sejarah * mengacu undang-undang * umum dan tujuan khusus dari penelitian lapangan * metodologi bidang * pengumpulan dan pembuangan strategi artefak dan ecofacts * pengaturan untuk konservasi segera artefak * metodologi pasca-kerja lapangan dan persiapan laporan * pembuatan laporan (metode) * publikasi dan diseminasi proposal * hak cipta * arsip deposisi * jadwal * kepegawaian * Kesehatan & Keselamatan pertimbangan * prosedur pemantauan * pengaturan kontingensi (jika sesuai) 3.2.18 Isi, dan bobot yang berbeda detail antara spesifikasi dan / atau desain proyek diperkuat pada Lampiran 2 dan 3. Brief / proyek menguraikan dan spesifikasi juga dibahas secara rinci dalam Ação (1993) dan Historic Scotland (1996













































































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