oseph John Thomson was born 18 Dece

oseph John Thomson was born 18 December 1856 in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, Lancashire, England. His mother, Emma Swindells, came from a local textile family. His father, Joseph James Thomson, ran an antiquarian bookshop founded by a great-grandfather. He had a brother two years younger than he was, Frederick Vernon Thomson.[5]

His early education was in small private schools where he demonstrated outstanding talent and interest in science. In 1870 he was admitted to Owens College at the unusually young age of 14. His parents planned to enroll him as an apprentice engineer to Sharp-Stewart & Co, a locomotive manufacturer, but these plans were cut short when his father died in 1873.[5]

He moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1876. In 1880, he obtained his BA in mathematics (Second Wrangler in the Tripos[6] and 2nd Smith's Prize).[7] He applied for and became a Fellow of Trinity College as of 1881.[8] Thomson received his MA (with Adams Prize) in 1883.[7]

Thomson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society[1] on 12 June 1884 and served as President of the Royal Society from 1915 to 1920.

On 22 December 1884 Thomson was chosen to become Cavendish Professor of Physics at the University of Cambridge.[3] The appointment caused considerable surprise, given that candidates such as Richard Glazebrook were older and more experienced in laboratory work. Thomson was known for his work as a mathematician, where he was recognized as an exceptional talent.[9]

In 1890, Thomson married Rose Elisabeth Paget, daughter of Sir George Edward Paget, KCB, a physician and then Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge at the church of St. Mary the Less. They had one son, George Paget Thomson, and one daughter, Joan Paget Thomson.

He was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1906, "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases." He was knighted in 1908 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1912. In 1914 he gave the Romanes Lecture in Oxford on "The atomic theory". In 1918 he became Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained until his death. Joseph John Thomson died on 30 August 1940 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, close to Sir Isaac Newton.

One of Thomson's greatest contributions to modern science was in his role as a highly gifted teacher. One of his students was Ernest Rutherford, who later succeeded him as Cavendish Professor of Physics. In addition to Thomson himself, eight of his research assistants (Francis William Aston, Charles Glover Barkla, Niels Bohr, Max Born, William Henry Bragg, Owen Willans Richardson, Ernest Rutherford, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson) and his son won Nobel Prizes in physics or chemistry. His son won the Nobel Prize in 1937 for proving the wavelike properties of electrons.

Thomson was a reserved yet devout Christian.[10]

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

oseph John Thomson lahir Desember 1856 18 di Cheetham Hill, Manchester, Lancashire, Inggris. Ibunya, Emma Swindells, berasal dari keluarga tekstil lokal. Ayahnya, Joseph James Thomson, berlari toko buku antik yang didirikan oleh kakek buyut. Dia memiliki saudara dua tahun lebih muda dari dia, Frederick Vernon Thomson. [5] Pendidikan awalnya di sekolah swasta kecil di mana ia menunjukkan bakat luar biasa dan minat dalam ilmu pengetahuan. Pada tahun 1870 ia mengaku Owens College pada usia biasa muda 14. Orangtuanya berencana untuk mendaftarkan dia sebagai seorang insinyur magang ke Sharp-Stewart & Co, produsen lokomotif, namun rencana ini dipotong pendek ketika ayahnya meninggal pada tahun 1873. [5] ia pindah ke Trinity College, Cambridge pada tahun 1876. pada tahun 1880, ia memperoleh gelar BA dalam matematika (Kedua Wrangler di Tripos [6] dan 2 Smith Prize). [7] dia diterapkan untuk dan menjadi Fellow Trinity perguruan tinggi sebagai dari 1881. [8] Thomson menerima MA (dengan Adams Prize) pada tahun 1883. [7] Thomson terpilih sebagai Fellow dari Royal Society [1] pada 12 Juni 1884 dan menjabat sebagai Presiden Royal Society dari 1915 ke 1920. pada 22 Desember 1884 Thomson dipilih untuk menjadi Cavendish Profesor Fisika di Universitas Cambridge. [3] penunjukan disebabkan kejutan yang cukup besar, mengingat bahwa calon seperti Richard Glazebrook yang lebih tua dan lebih berpengalaman dalam pekerjaan laboratorium. Thomson dikenal untuk karyanya sebagai ahli matematika, di mana ia diakui sebagai bakat luar biasa. [9] Pada tahun 1890, Thomson menikah Rose Elisabeth Paget, putri Sir George Edward Paget, KCB, dokter dan kemudian Regius Profesor Fisika di Cambridge di gereja St Mary yang Kurang. Mereka punya satu anak, George Paget Thomson, dan satu putri, Joan Paget Thomson. Dia dianugerahi Hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1906, "sebagai pengakuan atas jasa besarnya dalam teori dan eksperimen pada konduksi listrik oleh gas." Ia dianugerahi gelar bangsawan pada tahun 1908 dan diangkat ke Order of Merit pada tahun 1912. Pada tahun 1914 dia memberikan Kuliah Romanes di Oxford pada "The atom teori". Pada tahun 1918 ia menjadi Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, di mana ia tetap sampai kematiannya. Joseph John Thomson meninggal pada tanggal 30 Agustus tahun 1940 dan dimakamkan di Westminster Abbey, dekat dengan Sir Isaac Newton. Salah satu kontribusi terbesar Thomson untuk ilmu pengetahuan modern dalam perannya sebagai guru yang sangat berbakat. Salah satu muridnya adalah Ernest Rutherford, yang kemudian menggantikannya sebagai Cavendish Profesor Fisika. Selain Thomson dirinya, delapan dari asistennya penelitian (Francis William Aston, Charles Glover Barkla, Niels Bohr, Max Born, William Henry Bragg, Owen Richardson, Ernest Rutherford, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson) dan anaknya memenangkan Hadiah Nobel dalam fisika atau kimia. Anaknya memenangkan Hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1937 untuk membuktikan sifat seperti gelombang elektron. Thomson reserved belum Kristen yang taat. [10]