argue that the oligopolistic rivalry between firms naturally gives ris terjemahan - argue that the oligopolistic rivalry between firms naturally gives ris Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

argue that the oligopolistic rivalr

argue that the oligopolistic rivalry between firms naturally gives rise to
'reciprocal dumping': each firm dumps into other firms' home markets.
We generalize Brander (1981) in that reciprocal dumping is shown to be
robust to a fairly general specification of firms' behaviour and market
demand. The crucial element is what Helpman (1982) refers to as a
'segmented markets' perception: each firm perceives each country as a
separate market and makes distinct quantity decisions for each.
Reciprocal dumping is rather striking in that there is pure waste in the
form of unnecessary transport costs. 3 Without free entry, welfare may
improve as trade opens up and reciprocal dumping occurs, but it is also
possible that welfare may decline. One wonders, therefore, if such a model
might not provide a rationale for trade restriction. With free entry, the
contrary seems to be true. We derive the fairly strong result that with free
entry both before and after trade, the opening of trade (and the resultant
reciprocal dumping) is definitely welfare improving for the Cournot case. The
pro-competitive effect of having more firms and a larger overall market
dominates the loss due to transport costs in this second best imperfectly
competitive world.
Section 2 develops a simple model of Cournot duopoly and trade which
shows how reciprocal dumping can occur, and presents the associated
welfare analysis. Section 3 describes the free entry zero profit equilibrium and
derives the result that trade is welfare-improving in this case. Section 4
contains concluding remarks.
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argue that the oligopolistic rivalry between firms naturally gives rise to 'reciprocal dumping': each firm dumps into other firms' home markets. We generalize Brander (1981) in that reciprocal dumping is shown to be robust to a fairly general specification of firms' behaviour and market demand. The crucial element is what Helpman (1982) refers to as a 'segmented markets' perception: each firm perceives each country as a separate market and makes distinct quantity decisions for each. Reciprocal dumping is rather striking in that there is pure waste in the form of unnecessary transport costs. 3 Without free entry, welfare may improve as trade opens up and reciprocal dumping occurs, but it is also possible that welfare may decline. One wonders, therefore, if such a model might not provide a rationale for trade restriction. With free entry, the contrary seems to be true. We derive the fairly strong result that with free entry both before and after trade, the opening of trade (and the resultant reciprocal dumping) is definitely welfare improving for the Cournot case. The pro-competitive effect of having more firms and a larger overall market dominates the loss due to transport costs in this second best imperfectly competitive world. Section 2 develops a simple model of Cournot duopoly and trade which shows how reciprocal dumping can occur, and presents the associated welfare analysis. Section 3 describes the free entry zero profit equilibrium and derives the result that trade is welfare-improving in this case. Section 4
contains concluding remarks.
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berpendapat bahwa persaingan oligopolistik antara perusahaan secara alami menimbulkan
'timbal balik pembuangan': setiap perusahaan kesedihan ke perusahaan lain. pasar rumah
Kami menggeneralisasi Brander (1981) dalam timbal balik pembuangan terbukti menjadi
kuat untuk spesifikasi yang cukup umum perusahaan 'perilaku dan pasar
permintaan. Unsur penting adalah apa Helpman (1982) mengacu sebagai
persepsi 'pasar tersegmentasi': setiap perusahaan memandang setiap negara
sebagai. Pasar terpisah dan membuat keputusan kuantitas yang berbeda untuk setiap
Reciprocal pembuangan agak mencolok dalam bahwa ada sampah murni dalam
bentuk dari biaya transportasi yang tidak perlu. 3 Tanpa masuk gratis, kesejahteraan dapat
meningkatkan sebagai perdagangan terbuka dan timbal balik pembuangan terjadi, tetapi juga
mungkin bahwa kesejahteraan bisa menurun. Kita bertanya-tanya, karena itu, jika model tersebut
mungkin tidak memberikan alasan untuk pembatasan perdagangan. Dengan masuk gratis, yang
bertentangan tampaknya benar. Kami memperoleh hasil yang cukup kuat bahwa dengan bebas
masuk baik sebelum dan setelah perdagangan, pembukaan perdagangan (dan resultan
timbal balik pembuangan) pasti kesejahteraan membaik untuk kasus Cournot. The
efek pro-kompetitif memiliki lebih banyak perusahaan dan pasar secara keseluruhan lebih besar
mendominasi kerugian akibat biaya transportasi dalam terbaik kedua tidak sempurna
dunia yang kompetitif.
Bagian 2 mengembangkan model sederhana Cournot duopoli dan perdagangan yang
menunjukkan bagaimana timbal balik pembuangan dapat terjadi, dan hadiah terkait
analisis kesejahteraan. Bagian 3 menjelaskan bebas masuk nol keuntungan keseimbangan dan
berasal hasil bahwa perdagangan adalah kesejahteraan-meningkatkan dalam hal ini. Bagian 4
berisi menyimpulkan komentar.
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