also known as scalar, invariance, the regression intercepts were fixed terjemahan - also known as scalar, invariance, the regression intercepts were fixed Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

also known as scalar, invariance, t

also known as scalar, invariance, the regression intercepts were fixed across gender. This model also had excellent fit (CFI = .998, NNFI = 9.97, SRMR = .00, RMSEA = .03, 90% C.I. = .01–.05), demonstrating measurement equivalence across gender in this sample.
3.2.5 Invariance of MLQ-SF scores across age groups
Using the same procedure as described above, a series of analyses was conducted to determine the factorial invariance of the MLQ-SF across age groups. The following age categories were created from the complete dataset: 18-29 years, 30-44 years, 45-59 years, and 60 years and older. When people with missing data were excluded, there were no individuals younger than 19 years old. Thus, the de facto age groups were 19-29 years (n = 175), 30-44 years (n = 674), 45-59 years (n = 774), and 60 years and older (n = 374). With all parameters allowed to vary across age groups, the fit of the model was excellent (CFI = .998, NNFI = .994, SRMR = .02, RMSEA = .03, 90% C.I. = .01–.05). The fit was identical when factor loadings were fixed across age groups (CFI = .998, NNFI = .994, SRMR = .02, RMSEA = .03, 90% C.I. = .01-.05). Finally, even with the regression intercepts fixed across age groups, the fit was still excellent (CFI = .993, NNFI = .994, SRMR = .02, RMSEA = .03, 90% C.I. = .02–.04). The MLQ-SF appears to demonstrate measurement equivalence across age groups.
Thus, the MLQ-SF shows the same desirable psychometric properties that the long form of the MLQ does: internal consistency, structural validity, and measurement invariance across age and gender (Kobau et al., 2010; Steger & Frazier, 2005; Steger et al., 2006; Steger, Oishi, & Kashdan, 2009).
3.3 Descriptive statistics for the MLQ-SF
Across the sample, mean scores on the MLQ-SF were 9.64 (SD = 2.13), which corresponds to an average item rating of 3.21, or somewhat higher than ‚Fairly True.‛ The average rating for item one (My life has a clear meaning or purpose) was 3.17, for item two (I have found a satisfactory meaning in life) the average rating was 3.14, and for item three (I have a clear sense of what gives meaning to my life), the average rating was 3.32. The total score for the MLQ-SF was negatively skewed (skewness = -.677, SEskewness = .055), as were each of the items (range of skewness = -.695 to -.898, range of SEskewness = .054 to .055). The total score for the MLQ-SF did not have significant kurtosis (kurtosis= .034, SEkurtosis = .109), and neither did items one or two (range of kurtosis = -.109 to -.032, SEkurtosis = .108 to .109), although item three did (kurtosis = .321, SEkurtosis = .109). Thus, respondents in general were typically of the opinion that their lives were meaningful, rather than meaningless. In fact, the positivity of endorsement raises some question of whether there was a ceiling effect on participants’ responses such that variance in response was constrained. The significantly skewed scores on each item bear this out. Research using the typical 7-choice response anchors of the full MLQ does not reveal a consistent pattern of skewness or kurtosis (e.g., Steger et al., 2006), However, without additional research in other Chilean samples, it is unclear whether adding more response options would ameliorate this tendency toward MLQ-SF scores hitting a ceiling, or whether there is a naturally skewed distribution of the variable in real life, regardless of response options.
3.4 Demographic factors and meaning in life
The next set of analyses examined whether meaning in life scores varied by age, gender, or other demographic factors. There was a significant, negative correlation between age and MLQ- SF scores, although the magnitude of this relation was less than small (r = -.07, p < .01). Women
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also known as scalar, invariance, the regression intercepts were fixed across gender. This model also had excellent fit (CFI = .998, NNFI = 9.97, SRMR = .00, RMSEA = .03, 90% C.I. = .01–.05), demonstrating measurement equivalence across gender in this sample.3.2.5 Invariance of MLQ-SF scores across age groupsUsing the same procedure as described above, a series of analyses was conducted to determine the factorial invariance of the MLQ-SF across age groups. The following age categories were created from the complete dataset: 18-29 years, 30-44 years, 45-59 years, and 60 years and older. When people with missing data were excluded, there were no individuals younger than 19 years old. Thus, the de facto age groups were 19-29 years (n = 175), 30-44 years (n = 674), 45-59 years (n = 774), and 60 years and older (n = 374). With all parameters allowed to vary across age groups, the fit of the model was excellent (CFI = .998, NNFI = .994, SRMR = .02, RMSEA = .03, 90% C.I. = .01–.05). The fit was identical when factor loadings were fixed across age groups (CFI = .998, NNFI = .994, SRMR = .02, RMSEA = .03, 90% C.I. = .01-.05). Finally, even with the regression intercepts fixed across age groups, the fit was still excellent (CFI = .993, NNFI = .994, SRMR = .02, RMSEA = .03, 90% C.I. = .02–.04). The MLQ-SF appears to demonstrate measurement equivalence across age groups.Thus, the MLQ-SF shows the same desirable psychometric properties that the long form of the MLQ does: internal consistency, structural validity, and measurement invariance across age and gender (Kobau et al., 2010; Steger & Frazier, 2005; Steger et al., 2006; Steger, Oishi, & Kashdan, 2009).3.3 Descriptive statistics for the MLQ-SFAcross the sample, mean scores on the MLQ-SF were 9.64 (SD = 2.13), which corresponds to an average item rating of 3.21, or somewhat higher than ‚Fairly True.‛ The average rating for item one (My life has a clear meaning or purpose) was 3.17, for item two (I have found a satisfactory meaning in life) the average rating was 3.14, and for item three (I have a clear sense of what gives meaning to my life), the average rating was 3.32. The total score for the MLQ-SF was negatively skewed (skewness = -.677, SEskewness = .055), as were each of the items (range of skewness = -.695 to -.898, range of SEskewness = .054 to .055). The total score for the MLQ-SF did not have significant kurtosis (kurtosis= .034, SEkurtosis = .109), and neither did items one or two (range of kurtosis = -.109 to -.032, SEkurtosis = .108 to .109), although item three did (kurtosis = .321, SEkurtosis = .109). Thus, respondents in general were typically of the opinion that their lives were meaningful, rather than meaningless. In fact, the positivity of endorsement raises some question of whether there was a ceiling effect on participants’ responses such that variance in response was constrained. The significantly skewed scores on each item bear this out. Research using the typical 7-choice response anchors of the full MLQ does not reveal a consistent pattern of skewness or kurtosis (e.g., Steger et al., 2006), However, without additional research in other Chilean samples, it is unclear whether adding more response options would ameliorate this tendency toward MLQ-SF scores hitting a ceiling, or whether there is a naturally skewed distribution of the variable in real life, regardless of response options.3.4 Demographic factors and meaning in lifeThe next set of analyses examined whether meaning in life scores varied by age, gender, or other demographic factors. There was a significant, negative correlation between age and MLQ- SF scores, although the magnitude of this relation was less than small (r = -.07, p < .01). Women
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juga dikenal sebagai skalar, invarian, penyadapan regresi yang tetap di gender. Model ini juga memiliki sangat cocok (CFI = 0,998, NNFI = 9,97, SRMR = 0,00, RMSEA = 0,03, 90% CI = 0,01-0,05), menunjukkan pengukuran kesetaraan jender di dalam sampel ini.
3.2.5 invarian skor MLQ-SF di seluruh kelompok usia
Menggunakan prosedur yang sama seperti dijelaskan di atas, serangkaian analisis dilakukan untuk menentukan invarian faktorial dari MLQ-SF seluruh kelompok usia. Kategori usia berikut diciptakan dari dataset lengkap: 18-29 tahun, 30-44 tahun, 45-59 tahun, dan 60 tahun dan lebih tua. Ketika orang-orang dengan data yang hilang dikeluarkan, tidak ada individu yang berusia lebih muda dari 19 tahun. Dengan demikian, kelompok usia de facto adalah 19-29 tahun (n = 175), 30-44 tahun (n = 674), 45-59 tahun (n = 774), dan 60 tahun dan lebih tua (n = 374). Dengan semua parameter diperbolehkan untuk bervariasi di seluruh kelompok usia, fit model yang sangat baik (CFI = 0,998, NNFI = 0,994, SRMR = 0,02, RMSEA = 0,03, 90% CI = 0,01-0,05). Fit itu identik ketika faktor beban yang tetap di kelompok umur (CFI = 0,998, NNFI = 0,994, SRMR = 0,02, RMSEA = 0,03, 90% CI = 0,01-0,05). Akhirnya, bahkan dengan penyadapan regresi tetap di kelompok usia, cocok itu masih sangat baik (CFI = 0,993, NNFI = 0,994, SRMR = 0,02, RMSEA = 0,03, 90% CI = 0,02-0,04). The MLQ-SF muncul untuk menunjukkan kesetaraan pengukuran di seluruh kelompok umur.
Dengan demikian, MLQ-SF menunjukkan sifat yang diinginkan sama psikometrik bahwa bentuk panjang MLQ melakukan: konsistensi internal, validitas struktural, dan pengukuran invariance di usia dan jenis kelamin (Kobau et al, 2010;. Steger & Frazier, 2005; Steger et al, 2006;.. Steger, Oishi, & Kashdan, 2009)
3.3 Statistik deskriptif untuk MLQ-SF
seberang sampel, nilai rata-rata pada MLQ-SF adalah 9.64 ( SD = 2.13), yang sesuai dengan rating item yang rata-rata 3,21, atau agak lebih tinggi dari, Cukup Benar. "Nilai rata-rata untuk item satu (hidup saya memiliki makna yang jelas atau tujuan) adalah 3.17, untuk item dua (saya telah menemukan arti memuaskan dalam hidup) nilai rata-rata adalah 3,14, dan untuk item tiga (saya memiliki rasa yang jelas tentang apa yang memberi makna bagi hidup saya), nilai rata-rata adalah 3,32. Total skor untuk MLQ-SF adalah negatif miring (kemiringan = -.677, SEskewness = 0,055), seperti masing-masing item (kisaran kemiringan = -.695 untuk -.898, berbagai SEskewness = 0,054 untuk 0,055). Total skor untuk MLQ-SF tidak memiliki kurtosis signifikan (kurtosis = 0,034, SEkurtosis = 0,109), dan juga tidak item satu atau dua (kisaran kurtosis = -.109 untuk -.032, SEkurtosis = 0,108 untuk 0,109), meskipun barang tiga melakukan (kurtosis = 0,321, SEkurtosis = 0,109). Dengan demikian, responden secara umum yang biasanya berpendapat bahwa hidup mereka bermakna, bukan berarti. Bahkan, positif dari dukungan menimbulkan beberapa pertanyaan apakah ada efek langit-langit tanggapan peserta sehingga varians dalam respon dibatasi. Skor signifikan miring pada setiap item menanggung hal ini. Penelitian menggunakan jangkar respon 7-pilihan khas penuh MLQ tidak mengungkapkan pola yang konsisten dari skewness atau kurtosis (misalnya Steger et al., 2006), Namun, tanpa penelitian tambahan dalam sampel Chili lain, tidak jelas apakah menambahkan lebih banyak Pilihan respon akan memperbaiki kecenderungan ini ke arah skor MLQ-SF memukul langit-langit, atau apakah ada distribusi alami miring dari variabel dalam kehidupan nyata, terlepas dari pilihan jawaban.
3.4 Faktor demografi dan makna dalam kehidupan
Set berikutnya analisis diperiksa apakah arti dalam skor hidup bervariasi berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, atau faktor demografis lainnya. Ada korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara usia dan skor MLQ- SF, meskipun besarnya hubungan ini adalah kurang dari kecil (r = -.07, p <0,01). Perempuan
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