Gender : Men used to outnumber wome

Gender : Men used to outnumber women 3 to 1 in the television world. the gender difference has been moving more toward a balance over the years but very gradually. Now on prime-time TV, 60% of characters are men and 40% women. Men are more likely to be shown as working and in a wider variety of jobs than are women. However, the percentage of women in profesional-status jobs is the same as men in those types of jobs. Also, compared to the U.S. labor force, TV professionals and law enforcement agents are overrepresonted while managerial jobs, laborers and service workes are underrepsented. This gender imbalance varies by of program. In soap operas, there is a balance among a genders. Also, insituation comedias and family dramas, there is almost a balance, but in police/detective shows, men outnumber women 5 to 1.


Ethnicity : eighty percent of all characters are White Americans. African Americans comprised only 2% of television characters until the late 1960s, when they jumped to about 10% of all characters. Now, African Americans account for about 16% of the mind and minorroles, which is larger than their percentage (12%) in the real-world population of the United States. Hispanics, however,have not fared as well. alltough Hispanics make up about 15% of the U.S. population, only about 2% of all television characters are Hispanic. Asian Americans and Native Americans combined account for about 1% of all television characters.


Age : Three quarters of all television characters are between the ages of 20 an 50, but in the real world, only one third of the population is between these ages. Young children and the elderly are underrepesented on television. Fictional characters youger than age 19 make up only 10% of the total television population, even though they make up one third of the U.S. population. Also, characters older than age 50 account for about 15% of all television characters. The most dramatic imbalane is in the over 65 age group. Barely more than 2% of television characters are at least 65 years old, but 11% of the real-life population is in this age bracket.


Marital status : is obvious with about 80% of the women and 45% of the men. Of those for whom you can tell their marital status, more than 50% of the women are married, whereas less than one third of the men married.



Socioeconomic status : Almost half the characters on television are whealthy or ultrawhealthy and very few (less than 10%) are lower class.


Occupations : the higher prestige occupations are overrepresented on fictional television. Nearly one third of the television labor force is professional and managerial, whereas in real life, the figure is only 11%. Working-class people are greatly underrpresented, except for a there are twice as many doctors as welfare workers, 8 times more butlers than miners, and 12 times for private detectives than productions line workers. but the world of work may be changing a bit. Vande Berg and Sreckfuss (1992) analyzed occupations in prime-time television and found that there was a slight increase in the representation of women and in the variety of their occupational portrayals. Still, women remain underrepsented and limited in their depictions in organizational settings. Men outnumber women 2 to 1 workplace