Associations with individuals, events or groups of historical importance (NSW Heritage Criteria A, B & D).
Archaeological remains may have particular associations with individuals, groups and events which may transform mundane places or objects into significant items through the association with important historical occurrences.
• Does the archaeological site link to any NSW Historic Themes? Will the site contain ‘relics’ and remains which may illustrate a significant pattern in State or local history?
• Is the site widely recognised?
• Does the site have symbolic value?
• Is there a community of interest (past or present) which identifies with, and values the specific site?
• Is the site likely to provide material expression of a particular event or cultural identity?
• Is the site associated with an important person? (the role of the person in State or local history must be demonstrated/known)
• What is the strength of association between the person and the site?
• Did the person live or work at the site? During the phase of their career for which they are most recognised? Is that likely to be evident in the archaeology /physical evidence of the site?
• Did a significant event or discovery take place at the site? Is that evident/or likely to be evident in the archaeology/physical evidence of the site?
Aesthetic or technical significance (NSW Heritage Criterion C).
Whilst the technical value of archaeology is usually considered as ‘research potential’ aesthetic values are not usually considered to be relevant to archaeological sites. This is often because until a site has been excavated, its actual features and attributes may remain unknown. It is also because aesthetic is often interpreted to mean attractive, as opposed to the broader sense of sensory perception or ‘feeling’ as expressed in the Burra Charter.
Nevertheless, archaeological excavations which reveal highly intact and legible remains in the form of aesthetically attractive artefacts, aged and worn fabric and remnant structures, may allow both professionals and the community to connect with the past through tangible physical evidence.
• Does the site/is the site likely to have aesthetic value?
• Does the site/is the site likely to embody distinctive characteristics?
• Does the site/is the site likely to embody a distinctive architectural or engineering style or pattern/layout?
• Does the site demonstrate a technology which is the first or last of its kind?
• Does the site demonstrate a range of, or change in, technology?
Ability to demonstrate the past through archaeological remains (NSW Heritage Criteria A, C, F & G).
Archaeological remains have an ability to demonstrate how a site was used, what processes occurred, how work was undertaken and the scale of an industrial practice or other historic occupation. They can demonstrate the principal characteristics of a place or process that may be rare or common.
A site may best demonstrate these aspects at the time of excavation. It may also be possible to explain the nature of the site and demonstrate past practices via public interpretation either before, during, or after excavation.
• Does the site contain well-preserved or rare examples of technologies or occupations which are typical of particular historic periods or eras of particular significance?
• Was it a long-term or short-term use?
• Does the site demonstrate a short period of occupation and therefore represents only a limited phase of the operations of a site or technology or site? Or does the site reflect occupation over a long period?
• Does the site demonstrate continuity or change?
• Are the remains at the site highly intact, legible and readily able to be interpreted?
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