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Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
Of the social realm would follow the already highly advanced mastery of nature much as the advance of the oral (social) sciences followed that of the natural sciences. For Condorecet the liberaion of mankind from the “tyrannies” of nature and irrational social authority was inevitable, because rationality once set on its victorious course asserted itself against al obstacles. When human beings had begun to order chaotic sensations into comprehensive thought, they had initiaded the progress of the mind. Tis progress would culminate in the final tenth Epoch when the “social art” would triumph over everything standing in the way of social harmony. History, besides being the human confession of past errors, also spurred hope for such a future when it told of the ideal state pf affairs to come.How welcome to the philosopher is theis picture of the human race, freed from all its chains, released from the domination of chance and from that of the enemies of its progress, advancing with a firm and sure step in the path of truth, virtue, and happiness! How this spectacle consoles him for the arrors, crimes, adn injustices that still defile the earth, of which he is often the victim! It is in the contemplation of this picture that he finds the reward for his efforts on behalf of the progress of reason and defense of liberty.In all of that, the philosophes ascribed an ambiguous role to the natural and social environments. On the one head reason had its own liberating dynamics while on the other hand environmental stimuli played a significant role in human progress. Thus, Condorcet and Turgot agreed that the improvement in the means of communication had helped the growth of knowledge by provoking more and more innovtions. Condorcet even granted that, in the late stages of progress, lierty, equality, secular and enlightened government, property, and peace were necessary for further progress, althought, quite clearly, such a social environment presupposed rational people as its sharpers. In general however, the influence of the physical environment became weaker the stronger human rationality grew; that held true depsite the age’s fascination with the shaping force of climate. Montesquieu had elaborated on the role of climate, and Turgot mused that large-scale climatic changes might have caused past changes in government.
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