A. INTRODUCTIONA. Background of the studyReading is a crucial skill in terjemahan - A. INTRODUCTIONA. Background of the studyReading is a crucial skill in Melayu Bagaimana mengatakan

A. INTRODUCTIONA. Background of the

A. INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the study
Reading is a crucial skill in learning and communication. Current trends in education consider reading lessons to be an important early step in the development of mental and linguistic abilities. Reading methods include reading silently, reading using subvocalization (forming the sounds of the words while reading silently), and reading orally to oneself. Reading silently means reading without labial movements or the vibration of vocal cords. Silent reading is usually seen as natural reading behavior and for decades has been associated with the idea of reading for comprehension. The importance of oral reading to students learning a native language is widely accepted, the effectiveness of oral reading in second language classrooms continues to be debated. Gibson (2008) found that teachers and learners were using oral reading in a variety of ways. The primary reasons for using the method were for practicing pronunciation and intonation. Other reasons included for speaking practice, making graphemic-phonemic connections, diagnosing pronunciation problems, improving fluency and practicing reading skills. Gibson (2008) also found that 82% of autonomous learners read orally to themselves as part of private study. Asian learners, in particular, commented that oral reading was especially important to them for practicing pronunciation. Hannon and Daneman (2001) proposed four primary processes in reading comprehension: accessing relevant knowledge from long-term memory, integrating accessed knowledge with information from the text, making inferences based on information in the text, and recalling newly learned text material. In schema theory, reading comprehension is viewed as the process of interpreting new information and assimilating this information into memory structures (Anderson & Pearson, 1984; Teng, 2009). Oral reading performed by the teachers can additionally reinforce correct understanding of punctuation and intonation further strengthening student comprehension.
B. The research questions
Do different reading methods effect the comprehension of Saudi students;Which reading methods effect reading comprehension and which reading methods do students prefer and why?
C. Aim of the study
The effectiveness of reading methods for Saudi students’ reading comprehension and students’ preference.
II. METHODS

A. Research Design
This research employs a classroom-based, quasi-experimental design in order to examine the effects of different reading methods on the comprehension performance of Saudi students. In educational research, a quasi-experiment is more commonly used due to fixed school schedules and logistical problems (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2007). The different reading methods studied were oral, subvocalization, and silent reading. Comprehension performance was determined from the students’ comprehension scores on multiple-choice tests. In order to minimize the effects of repetition, three different passages were selected from McCall-Crabbs Standard Test Lessons in Reading, Book D (1979). Each group read each passage using one of the three reading methods (oral, subvocalization, and silent). The study participants always read passage 1 first, and then passages 2 and 3. However, in order to counterbalance the design of the study, the order of the reading method was rotated. For example, Group 1 read passage 1 orally, passage 2 using subvocalization, and passage 3 silently, while Group 2 read passage 1 using The Effects of Reading Method on the Comprehension / Alshumaimeri 189 subvocalization, passage 2 silently, and passage 3 orally. In this way, the effect of passage difficulty or type of passage reading was minimized with regard to measuring the reading comprehension performance of the study students. Each group was located in a different room during testing.
B. Participants
Participants in the study were 145 Saudi male students with an average age of 16 years, in the first year of the secondary stage (10th grade) in a secondary school in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participating students were expected to be fairly representative of the target population of Saudi learners in terms of ability, interest, and age. However, one should acknowledge the limitation of drawing students from one school in Riyadh. The participating students were distributed by the school management into three classes.
C. Passages
Three expository passages were selected from McCall-Crabbs Standard Test Lessons in Reading, Book D (1979). Each passage was followed by five multiple choice questions, posed in English. Passage one, A School Charity Day, contains 141 words and describes a fundraising bazaar held at a children’s school. The second passage, The Best Way to Lose Weight, contains 139 words and provides advice on how to lose weight. The third passage, A Carpenter Story, contains 108 words and describes how one person became a carpenter. Reliability was deemed sufficient given that the test only contained five items.
D. Feedback Slips
The feedback slip was a small piece of paper that was given to each student after completing each reading test (three feedback slips were collected per participant). It included three questions that asked students to write down (in L1) if the reading method they used supported their comprehension, to rank which reading methods they generally prefer, and to explain their choices. The purpose of the feedback slips was to help in understanding the effects of the different reading methods and to know which reading methods students prefer in everyday life. The number of responses collected was 227 out of 435 feedback slips distributed with a return rate of 52.2%. The low rate of return is believed to be because the slips were distributed after each test.
E. Procedure
The research was conducted on a regular school day during the extra-curricular activity time (the last two periods of one day per week). The available time for testing was 110 minutes. Each reading test was allocated 20 minutes followed by 5-7 minutes for filling out the feedback slips. The students were randomly assigned to their group. As described above, each group read a passage using each of the three different reading methods. All students were told to read the reading instructions carefully and to ask for clarification if needed. There were three teachers, one for each group, who helped administer the tests and explained the procedure clearly. The researcher supervised the administration by moving from one room to another to check that the procedures were followed according to plan and to answer any questions. The data collected consisted of the comprehension scores obtained from the five multiple-choice questions designed for each of the three passages as well as the data collected from the feedback slips. The data analysis was conducted in accordance with the research questions, all of which were concerned with comprehension performance as measured by the scores from the multiple-choice questions, the dependent variable. A oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the differences between the reading methods and a post-hoc analysis using the Scheffe test was conducted to locate the source of differences. Then, two-way ANOVA was used to test the differences between the groups with different reading methods.

III.RESULTS

The results obtained are presented in accordance with the research questions, beginning with the first research question. In order to answer the first research question (Do different reading methods affect the comprehension of Saudi students?) a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted with the post-hoc Scheffe test. There was a significant difference at level 0.01 between the Saudi students in comprehension performance according to the reading method. A significant difference was found between oral reading and subvocalization (mean difference 1.92, p < 0.01), and between oral reading and silent reading (mean difference 2.32, p < 0.01). The largest mean occurred for oral reading (9.65), which had the greatest effect on comprehension performance among the three reading methods included in the study.
To answer the second research question, the data obtained from the feedback slips show the students’ responses to the question (Does this reading method assist you in
understanding this passage?). The results show that 57% of the students thought that oral
reading helped them better comprehend the passage; whereas 26.2% and 17.9%, respectively, thought silent reading and subvocalization helped them understand the passage. The reading method that had the greatest positive effect on comprehension was oral reading with a mean value 9.65. Subvocalization and silent reading had mean values of 7.72 and 7.33, respectively. These results indicate that oral reading helped students better understand passages.
To answer the third research question (Which reading methods do Saudi students prefer and why?), the results obtained from the feedback slips show the ranked order of the preferred reading style of each group as well as an explanation of their choice of order. Of all groups, 50.57% of students reported that oral reading was the most preferred reading method. Subvocalization was ranked second with 22.76%, whereas silent reading was third with 14.02%.
Data obtained from the feedback slips is summarized in Tables 1a, 1b, and 1c and indicate the reason the students preferred each method of reading. The rate of return (52.2%) of the feedback slips could indicate that the reason for preferring a reading method is static and that the learners felt they did not need to provide the same feedback after each passage. The results are presented according to each reading method.


Table 1a: The Students’ Responses for Reasons for Preferring Oral Reading
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A. INTRODUCTIONA. Background of the studyReading is a crucial skill in learning and communication. Current trends in education consider reading lessons to be an important early step in the development of mental and linguistic abilities. Reading methods include reading silently, reading using subvocalization (forming the sounds of the words while reading silently), and reading orally to oneself. Reading silently means reading without labial movements or the vibration of vocal cords. Silent reading is usually seen as natural reading behavior and for decades has been associated with the idea of reading for comprehension. The importance of oral reading to students learning a native language is widely accepted, the effectiveness of oral reading in second language classrooms continues to be debated. Gibson (2008) found that teachers and learners were using oral reading in a variety of ways. The primary reasons for using the method were for practicing pronunciation and intonation. Other reasons included for speaking practice, making graphemic-phonemic connections, diagnosing pronunciation problems, improving fluency and practicing reading skills. Gibson (2008) also found that 82% of autonomous learners read orally to themselves as part of private study. Asian learners, in particular, commented that oral reading was especially important to them for practicing pronunciation. Hannon and Daneman (2001) proposed four primary processes in reading comprehension: accessing relevant knowledge from long-term memory, integrating accessed knowledge with information from the text, making inferences based on information in the text, and recalling newly learned text material. In schema theory, reading comprehension is viewed as the process of interpreting new information and assimilating this information into memory structures (Anderson & Pearson, 1984; Teng, 2009). Oral reading performed by the teachers can additionally reinforce correct understanding of punctuation and intonation further strengthening student comprehension. B. The research questions Do different reading methods effect the comprehension of Saudi students;Which reading methods effect reading comprehension and which reading methods do students prefer and why?C. Aim of the studyThe effectiveness of reading methods for Saudi students’ reading comprehension and students’ preference.II. METHODSA. Research DesignThis research employs a classroom-based, quasi-experimental design in order to examine the effects of different reading methods on the comprehension performance of Saudi students. In educational research, a quasi-experiment is more commonly used due to fixed school schedules and logistical problems (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2007). The different reading methods studied were oral, subvocalization, and silent reading. Comprehension performance was determined from the students’ comprehension scores on multiple-choice tests. In order to minimize the effects of repetition, three different passages were selected from McCall-Crabbs Standard Test Lessons in Reading, Book D (1979). Each group read each passage using one of the three reading methods (oral, subvocalization, and silent). The study participants always read passage 1 first, and then passages 2 and 3. However, in order to counterbalance the design of the study, the order of the reading method was rotated. For example, Group 1 read passage 1 orally, passage 2 using subvocalization, and passage 3 silently, while Group 2 read passage 1 using The Effects of Reading Method on the Comprehension / Alshumaimeri 189 subvocalization, passage 2 silently, and passage 3 orally. In this way, the effect of passage difficulty or type of passage reading was minimized with regard to measuring the reading comprehension performance of the study students. Each group was located in a different room during testing. B. Participants
Participants in the study were 145 Saudi male students with an average age of 16 years, in the first year of the secondary stage (10th grade) in a secondary school in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participating students were expected to be fairly representative of the target population of Saudi learners in terms of ability, interest, and age. However, one should acknowledge the limitation of drawing students from one school in Riyadh. The participating students were distributed by the school management into three classes.
C. Passages
Three expository passages were selected from McCall-Crabbs Standard Test Lessons in Reading, Book D (1979). Each passage was followed by five multiple choice questions, posed in English. Passage one, A School Charity Day, contains 141 words and describes a fundraising bazaar held at a children’s school. The second passage, The Best Way to Lose Weight, contains 139 words and provides advice on how to lose weight. The third passage, A Carpenter Story, contains 108 words and describes how one person became a carpenter. Reliability was deemed sufficient given that the test only contained five items.
D. Feedback Slips
The feedback slip was a small piece of paper that was given to each student after completing each reading test (three feedback slips were collected per participant). It included three questions that asked students to write down (in L1) if the reading method they used supported their comprehension, to rank which reading methods they generally prefer, and to explain their choices. The purpose of the feedback slips was to help in understanding the effects of the different reading methods and to know which reading methods students prefer in everyday life. The number of responses collected was 227 out of 435 feedback slips distributed with a return rate of 52.2%. The low rate of return is believed to be because the slips were distributed after each test.
E. Procedure
The research was conducted on a regular school day during the extra-curricular activity time (the last two periods of one day per week). The available time for testing was 110 minutes. Each reading test was allocated 20 minutes followed by 5-7 minutes for filling out the feedback slips. The students were randomly assigned to their group. As described above, each group read a passage using each of the three different reading methods. All students were told to read the reading instructions carefully and to ask for clarification if needed. There were three teachers, one for each group, who helped administer the tests and explained the procedure clearly. The researcher supervised the administration by moving from one room to another to check that the procedures were followed according to plan and to answer any questions. The data collected consisted of the comprehension scores obtained from the five multiple-choice questions designed for each of the three passages as well as the data collected from the feedback slips. The data analysis was conducted in accordance with the research questions, all of which were concerned with comprehension performance as measured by the scores from the multiple-choice questions, the dependent variable. A oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the differences between the reading methods and a post-hoc analysis using the Scheffe test was conducted to locate the source of differences. Then, two-way ANOVA was used to test the differences between the groups with different reading methods.

III.RESULTS

The results obtained are presented in accordance with the research questions, beginning with the first research question. In order to answer the first research question (Do different reading methods affect the comprehension of Saudi students?) a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted with the post-hoc Scheffe test. There was a significant difference at level 0.01 between the Saudi students in comprehension performance according to the reading method. A significant difference was found between oral reading and subvocalization (mean difference 1.92, p < 0.01), and between oral reading and silent reading (mean difference 2.32, p < 0.01). The largest mean occurred for oral reading (9.65), which had the greatest effect on comprehension performance among the three reading methods included in the study.
To answer the second research question, the data obtained from the feedback slips show the students’ responses to the question (Does this reading method assist you in
understanding this passage?). The results show that 57% of the students thought that oral
reading helped them better comprehend the passage; whereas 26.2% and 17.9%, respectively, thought silent reading and subvocalization helped them understand the passage. The reading method that had the greatest positive effect on comprehension was oral reading with a mean value 9.65. Subvocalization and silent reading had mean values of 7.72 and 7.33, respectively. These results indicate that oral reading helped students better understand passages.
To answer the third research question (Which reading methods do Saudi students prefer and why?), the results obtained from the feedback slips show the ranked order of the preferred reading style of each group as well as an explanation of their choice of order. Of all groups, 50.57% of students reported that oral reading was the most preferred reading method. Subvocalization was ranked second with 22.76%, whereas silent reading was third with 14.02%.
Data obtained from the feedback slips is summarized in Tables 1a, 1b, and 1c and indicate the reason the students preferred each method of reading. The rate of return (52.2%) of the feedback slips could indicate that the reason for preferring a reading method is static and that the learners felt they did not need to provide the same feedback after each passage. The results are presented according to each reading method.


Table 1a: The Students’ Responses for Reasons for Preferring Oral Reading
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A. PENDAHULUAN A. Latarbelakang Kajian Membaca adalah kemahiran penting dalam pembelajaran dan komunikasi. Trend semasa dalam pendidikan mempertimbangkan untuk membaca pelajaran untuk menjadi satu langkah penting awal dalam perkembangan kebolehan mental dan linguistik. Kaedah membaca termasuk membaca senyap, membaca menggunakan subvocalization (membentuk bunyi perkataan semasa membaca senyap), dan membaca secara lisan kepada diri sendiri. Membaca senyap bermakna tanpa membaca pergerakan bunyi bibir atau getaran pita suara. Bacaan senyap biasanya dilihat sebagai tingkah laku semula jadi dan membaca selama beberapa dekad telah dikaitkan dengan idea membaca untuk kefahaman. Kepentingan membaca lisan kepada pelajar belajar sesuatu bahasa ibunda yang diterima secara meluas, keberkesanan bacaan lisan di dalam kelas bahasa kedua terus dibahaskan. Gibson (2008) mendapati bahawa guru-guru dan pelajar telah menggunakan bacaan lisan dalam pelbagai cara. Sebab-sebab utama untuk menggunakan kaedah itu ialah untuk mengamalkan sebutan dan intonasi. Sebab-sebab lain termasuk untuk bercakap amalan, membuat sambungan graphemic-fonemik, mendiagnosis masalah sebutan, meningkatkan kefasihan dan mengamalkan kemahiran membaca. Gibson (2008) juga mendapati bahawa 82% daripada pelajar autonomi membaca secara lisan kepada diri mereka sebagai sebahagian daripada pengajian sendirian. Pelajar Asia, khususnya, mengulas bahawa bacaan lisan adalah amat penting kepada mereka untuk mengamalkan sebutan. Hannon dan Daneman (2001) mencadangkan empat proses utama dalam kefahaman membaca: mengakses pengetahuan yang berkaitan dari memori jangka panjang, mengintegrasikan pengetahuan diakses dengan maklumat daripada teks, membuat kesimpulan berdasarkan maklumat dalam teks, dan menarik balik bahan teks yang baru dipelajari. Dalam teori skema, kefahaman membaca dilihat sebagai proses mentafsir maklumat baru dan mengasimilasikan maklumat ini ke dalam struktur memori (Anderson & Pearson, 1984; Teng, 2009). Bacaan lisan yang dilakukan oleh guru-guru juga boleh mengukuhkan pemahaman betul baca dan intonasi mengukuhkan lagi kefahaman pelajar. B. Persoalan kajian yang berbeza Adakah kesan kaedah bacaan kefahaman pelajar Arab;? Antara kaedah bacaan bacaan kesan kefahaman dan yang membaca kaedah yang pelajar lebih suka dan mengapa C. Tujuan kajian ini Keberkesanan kaedah membaca bagi kefahaman bacaan dan pelajar pelajar Arab keutamaan. II. KAEDAH A. Reka Bentuk Kajian Kajian ini menggunakan satu, reka bentuk kuasi-eksperimen berasaskan bilik darjah untuk mengkaji kesan kaedah bacaan yang berbeza terhadap prestasi kefahaman pelajar Arab. Dalam penyelidikan pendidikan, kuasi-eksperimen lebih biasa digunakan kerana jadual sekolah tetap dan masalah logistik (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2007). Kaedah bacaan yang berbeza yang dikaji ialah lisan, subvocalization, dan bacaan senyap. Prestasi kefahaman ditentukan dari markah kefahaman pelajar terhadap ujian aneka pilihan. Dalam usaha untuk mengurangkan kesan pengulangan, tiga petikan yang berbeza telah dipilih dari McCall-Crabbs Standard Ujian Pengajaran di Reading, Buku D (1979). Setiap kumpulan membaca setiap laluan menggunakan satu daripada tiga kaedah bacaan (lisan, subvocalization, dan senyap). Peserta kajian sentiasa membaca petikan 1 dahulu, dan kemudian bahagian-bahagian 2 dan 3. Walau bagaimanapun, untuk mengimbangi reka bentuk kajian, susunan kaedah membaca yang telah diputar. Sebagai contoh, Kumpulan 1 baca petikan secara lisan 1, 2 petikan menggunakan subvocalization, dan petikan 3 senyap, manakala Kumpulan 2 baca petikan 1 menggunakan Kesan Kaedah Membaca pada Kefahaman yang / Alshumaimeri 189 subvocalization, petikan 2 senyap, dan petikan 3 secara lisan. Dengan cara ini, kesan kesukaran laluan atau jenis membaca petikan telah dikurangkan dengan mengambil kira mengukur prestasi bacaan pemahaman pelajar kajian. Setiap kumpulan yang terletak di bilik yang berbeza semasa ujian. B. Peserta Peserta dalam kajian ini terdiri daripada 145 orang pelajar lelaki Saudi dengan purata usia 16 tahun, dalam tahun pertama peringkat menengah (Gred 10) di sebuah sekolah menengah di Riyadh, Arab Saudi. Pelajar yang mengambil bahagian telah dijangka agak wakil penduduk sasaran pelajar Arab dari segi kebolehan, minat, dan umur. Walau bagaimanapun, seseorang itu perlu mengakui had menarik pelajar dari sebuah sekolah di Riyadh. Pelajar-pelajar yang mengambil bahagian telah diedarkan oleh pihak pengurusan sekolah kepada tiga kelas. C. Petikan Tiga petikan yg telah dipilih dari McCall-Crabbs Standard Ujian Pengajaran di Reading, Buku D (1979). Setiap petikan diikuti oleh lima soalan pilihan berganda, yang ditimbulkan dalam bahasa Inggeris. Passage satu, Kebajikan Sekolah, mengandungi 141 perkataan dan menerangkan bazar pengumpulan dana yang diadakan di sekolah kanak-kanak. Petikan yang kedua, Cara Terbaik untuk Kurangkan Berat, mengandungi 139 perkataan dan memberikan nasihat tentang bagaimana untuk mengurangkan berat badan. Petikan ketiga, A Story Carpenter, mengandungi 108 perkataan dan menerangkan bagaimana satu orang menjadi tukang kayu. Kebolehpercayaan dianggap mencukupi memandangkan ujian hanya terkandung lima perkara. D. Maklumbalas Slip Slip maklum balas adalah sekeping kertas kecil yang telah diberikan kepada setiap pelajar selepas menamatkan setiap ujian bacaan (tiga slip maklum balas yang dikumpul setiap peserta). Ia termasuk tiga soalan yang meminta murid menulis (dalam L1) jika kaedah bacaan yang mereka telah disokong kefahaman mereka, untuk menentukan kedudukan yang membaca kaedah mereka umumnya lebih suka, dan untuk menerangkan pilihan mereka. Tujuan slip maklum balas adalah untuk membantu dalam memahami kesan daripada kaedah bacaan yang berbeza dan tahu yang membaca kaedah pelajar lebih suka dalam kehidupan seharian. Bilangan jawapan dikumpul adalah 227 daripada 435 slip maklum balas diedarkan dengan kadar pulangan sebanyak 52.2%. Kadar yang rendah pulangan dipercayai kerana slip telah diedarkan selepas setiap ujian. E. Prosedur Kajian ini dijalankan pada hari sekolah tetap dalam masa aktiviti kokurikulum (kedua-dua tempoh terakhir satu hari seminggu). Masa yang diperuntukkan untuk ujian adalah 110 minit. Setiap ujian membaca telah diperuntukkan 20 minit diikuti dengan 5-7 minit untuk mengisi slip maklum balas. Pelajar-pelajar secara rawak kepada kumpulan mereka. Seperti dinyatakan di atas, setiap kumpulan membaca petikan menggunakan setiap satu daripada tiga kaedah bacaan yang berbeza. Semua pelajar disuruh baca arahan membaca dengan teliti dan meminta penjelasan sekiranya diperlukan. Terdapat tiga orang guru, satu untuk setiap kumpulan, yang membantu mentadbir ujian dan menjelaskan prosedur yang jelas. Penyelidik diselia pentadbiran dengan bergerak dari satu bilik yang lain untuk memeriksa bahawa prosedur telah diikuti mengikut merancang dan menjawab apa-apa soalan. Data yang dikumpul terdiri daripada markah kefahaman diperoleh daripada lima soalan aneka pilihan yang direka bagi setiap satu daripada tiga petikan serta data yang diperoleh daripada slip maklum balas. Analisis data telah dijalankan mengikut persoalan kajian, di mana semua adalah berkenaan dengan prestasi kefahaman seperti yang diukur oleh skor dari aneka pilihan soalan, pembolehubah bersandar. Analisis ANOVA varians (ANOVA) telah digunakan untuk menguji perbezaan antara kaedah bacaan dan analisis post-hoc menggunakan ujian Scheffe yang telah dijalankan untuk mengesan punca perbezaan. Kemudian, dua hala ANOVA digunakan untuk menguji perbezaan antara kumpulan dengan kaedah bacaan yang berbeza. III.RESULTS Keputusan yang diperolehi dibentangkan mengikut persoalan kajian, bermula dengan persoalan kajian yang pertama. Untuk menjawab persoalan kajian yang pertama (Adakah kaedah bacaan yang berbeza memberi kesan kepada kefahaman pelajar Arab?) Analisis sehala varians (ANOVA) ujian telah dijalankan dengan pos-hoc ujian Scheffe. Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan pada aras 0.01 antara pelajar Arab dalam prestasi kefahaman mengikut kaedah bacaan. Satu perbezaan yang bermakna di antara bacaan lisan dan subvocalization (bermakna perbezaan 1.92, p <0.01), dan antara bacaan lisan dan senyap membaca (bermakna perbezaan 2.32, p <0.01). Purata terbesar berlaku untuk bacaan lisan (9.65), yang mempunyai kesan paling besar terhadap prestasi kefahaman antara ketiga-tiga kaedah membaca termasuk dalam kajian ini. Untuk menjawab persoalan kajian kedua, data yang diperolehi daripada slip maklum balas menunjukkan respon pelajar kepada soalan (Adakah kaedah bacaan ini membantu anda dalam memahami petikan ini?). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa 57% daripada pelajar menyangka bahawa lisan membaca membantu mereka lebih baik memahami petikan tersebut; manakala 26.2% dan 17.9% masing-masing, menyangka bacaan senyap dan subvocalization membantu mereka memahami petikan tersebut. Kaedah bacaan yang mempunyai kesan positif yang besar terhadap kefahaman adalah bacaan lisan dengan nilai min 9.65. Subvocalization dan bacaan senyap mempunyai nilai min 7.72 dan 7.33 masing-masing. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa bacaan lisan membantu pelajar lebih memahami petikan. Untuk menjawab persoalan kajian ketiga (Yang membaca kaedah manakah pelajar Arab lebih suka dan mengapa?), keputusan yang diperolehi daripada slip maklum balas menunjukkan perintah itu kedudukan gaya bacaan yang digemari setiap kumpulan serta penjelasan yang mereka perintah. Dari semua kumpulan, 50,57% pelajar melaporkan bahawa bacaan lisan adalah kaedah bacaan yang paling digemari. Subvocalization menduduki tempat kedua dengan 22,76%, manakala bacaan senyap di tempat ketiga dengan 14.02%. Data yang diperolehi daripada maklum balas yang slip diringkaskan dalam Jadual 1a, 1b, 1c dan dan nyatakan sebab pelajar lebih suka setiap kaedah membaca. Kadar pulangan (52.2%) daripada slip maklum balas boleh menunjukkan bahawa sebab untuk memilih kaedah bacaan adalah statik dan bahawa pelajar merasakan mereka tidak perlu memberi maklum balas yang sama selepas setiap laluan. Keputusan adalah mengikut setiap kaedah membaca. Jadual 1a: Respons Pelajar untuk Sebab-sebab lebih suka Membaca Lisan































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