FINDINGSDescriptive AnalysisOf the

FINDINGS
Descriptive Analysis

Of the 31 subjects, 14 (45.2%) were male and 17 (54.8%) were female. Mean subject age was 58.26 _ 17.37 years (range 22-85 years). Regarding diagnoses, ten (32.3%) subjects had a subarachnoid hemorrhage, eight (25.8%) an intracerebral hemorrhage, five (16.1%) a subdural hemorrhage, seven (22.6%) a brain infarction, three (9.7%) a contusional hemorrhage, two (6.5%) an intraventricular hemorrhage, and two (6.5%) a brain tumor.
Most (93.6%; n ¼ 29) were admitted to the hospital through the emergency department. At admission, no subject was found to be under the influence of alcohol. Hypertensive subjects accounted for 41.9% (n ¼ 13), diabetes mellitus 16.1% (n¼5), and atrial arrhythmia 3.2% (n ¼ 1). Thirteen subjects (41.9%) were taking antihypertensive drugs and 5 (16.1%) hypoglycemic agents.
Of the 22 (71.0%) subjects that underwent brain surgery on at least one occasion after admission, ten (31.8%) received craniectomy, four (18.1%) craniotomy, eight (36.3%) coil-embolization, six (27.3%) extraventricular drainage (EVD), two (9.1%) extralesional drainage (ELD), and one (4.3%) burr-hole drainage (the overall percentage exceeds 100% because some patients underwent brain surgery more than once).
Twenty-nine subjects (93.5%) were endotracheally intubated, and of these, 26 were put a mechanical ventilator. The majority of the subjects had at least one invasive tube or catheter inserted, that is, an EVD, an ELD, a hemovac, a Jackson-Pratt suction drain, a tracheostomy tube, a nasogastric tube, a central or peripheral venous catheter, a urinary catheter, or a thoracic tube (number of tubes or catheters inserted per subject ranged from 2 to 9). Mean subject GCS scores were 6.58 _ 2.00 on day 1, 6.69 _ 2.24 on day 3, 6.38 _ 2.03 on day 6, 7.71 _ 2.16 on day 9, and 8.03 _ 2.10 on day 14 after ICU admission.
Twenty-five subjects (80.6%) were given analgesics on day 1 after ICU admission, usually ketorolac tromethamine (average dose 60 mg, 48.0%) or tramadol hydrochloride (average dose 100 mg, 48.0%). On days 3 and 6, 23 (74.2%) and 22 (71.0%) subjects, respectively, were given analgesics (usually tramadol hydrochloride at average doses of 108.33 mg and 110.71 mg, respectively). On days 9 and 14, 23 (74.2%) and 16 (51.6%) subjects, respectively, were given analgesics (usually tramadol hydrochloride at an average dose of 111.11 mg). In addition, barbiturates (2.0-5.0 mg kg _1 h _1) andmidazolam( 1-5mgkg _1 min _1)were routinely administered to subjects who had undergone brain surgery to control intracranial pressure (ICP) between 1 and 9 days after surgery.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

TEMUANAnalisis deskriptifSubjek 31, 14 (45,2%) adalah laki-laki dan 17 (54,8%) adalah perempuan. Usia rata-rata subjek adalah 58.26 _ 17.37 tahun (berkisar 22-85 tahun). Tentang diagnosa, sepuluh subyek (32.3%) telah subarachnoid perdarahan, delapan (25.8%) perdarahan intraserebral, lima (16.1%) perdarahan subdural, tujuh (22.6%) infark otak, tiga (9.7%) perdarahan contusional, dua (6,5%) perdarahan intraventrikular, dan dua (6,5%) tumor otak.Paling (93.6%; n ¼ 29) yang dirawat di rumah sakit melalui departemen darurat. Di masuk, tidak ada subjek ditemukan untuk menjadi di bawah pengaruh alkohol. Hipertensi subyek menyumbang 41. 9% (n ¼ 13), diabetes melitus 16.1% (n¼5), dan Atrium aritmia 3,2% (n ¼ 1). Tiga belas subyek (41. 9%) mengambil obat anti hipertensi dan 5 agen hipoglikemik (16.1%).Tentang subjek (71.0%) 22 yang menjalani operasi otak pada setidaknya satu kesempatan setelah masuk, sepuluh (31,8%) menerima craniectomy, empat kraniotomi (18.1%), delapan (36.3%) coil-embolisasi, enam (27. 3%) extraventricular drainase (EVD), extralesional (9.1%) dua drainase (ELD) dan satu (4.3%) duri-lubang drainase (persentase keseluruhan melebihi 100% karena beberapa pasien menjalani operasi otak lebih dari sekali).Dua puluh sembilan subyek (93, 5%) adalah endotracheally intubated, dan ini, 26 diletakkan ventilator mekanis. Mayoritas subyek memiliki setidaknya satu invasif tabung atau kateter dimasukkan, yaitu EVD, ELD, hemovac, menguras hisap Jackson-Pratt, Trakeostomi tabung, tabung nasogastric, kateter vena sentral atau perifer, kemih kateter atau tabung toraks (jumlah tabung atau kateter yang dimasukkan setiap subjek yang berkisar dari 2 sampai 9). Berarti subjek GCS Partitur 6.58 _ 2.00 di hari 1, 6.69 _ 2,24 di hari 3, 6.38 _ 2,03 pada hari 6, 7.71 _ 2.16 pada hari 9, dan 8.03 _ 2.10 pada hari 14 setelah masuk ICU.Dua puluh lima mata pelajaran (80.6%) diberi analgesik pada hari 1 setelah masuk ICU, biasanya ketorolac tromethamine (dosis rata-rata 60 mg, 48.0%) atau tramadol hidroklorida (rata-rata dosis 100 mg, 48.0%). Pada hari-hari 3 dan 6, 23 (74,2%) dan 22 (71.0%) mata pelajaran, masing-masing diberi analgesik (biasanya tramadol hidroklorida di rata-rata dosis 108.33 mg dan 110.71 mg, masing-masing). Pada hari 9 dan 14, 23 (74,2%) dan 16 (51,6%) mata pelajaran, masing-masing diberi analgesik (biasanya tramadol hidroklorida dosis rata-rata 111.11 mg). Selain itu, barbiturat (2.0-5.0 mg kg _1 h _1) andmidazolam (1-5mgkg _1 min _1) secara rutin diberikan untuk mata pelajaran yang telah menjalani operasi otak untuk mengendalikan tekanan intrakranial (ICP) antara 1 dan 9 hari setelah operasi.