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5. kegagalan air penghalang (tanggul/bendungan)i. Deskripsi skenarioBanger dilindungi terhadap tinggi air dari sungai-sungai dan laut oleh hambatan air yang berbeda. Hambatan air dikategorikan dalam dua kategori; hambatan air primer dan sekunder. Hambatan air yang berada tepat di sebelah Sungai dan laut disebut hambatan utama air. Hambatan air yang terletak di polder melindungi polder dari genangan air dari saluran disebut air sekunder penghalang. Karena keadaan yang berbeda hambatan air dapat kehilangan fungsi mereka (sebagian). Sebagian besar akan ada kerusakan bertahap hambatan air. Dimulai dengan sedikit retak/deformasi, pada akhirnya ini dapat menyebabkan pelanggaran tanggul atau menyelesaikan pergeseran tanggul. Pilihan lain yang dapat menyebabkan kegagalan tanggul adalah keadaan tak terduga seperti: terorisme, ledakan atau pipa bursted. Dalam situasi seperti ini, itu datang ke bawah untuk bertindak cepat. Dimungkinkan bahwa skenario 'kegagalan air penghalang (tanggul/bendungan)' terjadi secara bersamaan dengan skenario 'deras' dan/atau 'stasiun pompa kegagalan', dalam kasus kerusakan akan lebih besar.II. darurat ancaman dan koordinasi faseKriteria untuk koordinasi darurat dikembangkan untuk ketika terjadi keadaan darurat. Kriteria ini menggambarkan keadaan yang memiliki pengaruh pada keadaan darurat. Itu tergantung pada keadaan ini seberapa buruk situasi benar-benar adalah. Empat keadaan dan alasan mengapa mereka memiliki pengaruh pada darurat dijelaskan dalam bab ini.-Keseriusan kegagalan air penghalang-Lokasi dari kegagalan-Jumlah kegagalan-Prediksi kondisi cuaca -Kadar air prediksiKeseriusan kegagalan air penghalangKeseriusan kegagalan air penghalang tergantung pada dua aspek, efek kegagalan di daerah Banger dan seberapa buruk penghalang rusak. Lokasi kegagalanKetika tanggul runtuh banyak air mencapai polder Banger dalam waktu singkat. Jika yang runtuh tanggul berada dekat dengan keramaian itu akan memiliki konsekuensi yang lebih daripada ketika tanggul runtuh di tempat dimana orang-orang kurang tinggal.Perbaikan atau untuk penguatan tanggul atau dam aksesibilitas adalah penting. Lokasi tanggul atau dam bisa sulit untuk mencapai karena daerah padat dibangun. Jumlah kegagalanSungguh-sungguh bencana yang dapat terjadi tergantung pada jumlah kegagalan. Kegagalan lebih berarti lebih banyak masalah yang perlu diperbaiki, semakin banyak air yang ada akan flush ke polder yang akan membuat lebih banyak kerusakan ke area dan semakin cepat penduduk mendapatkan dalam bahaya.Prediksi kondisi cuaca Ramalan baik kondisi cuaca yang dapat membantu memprediksi cuaca yang berat. Jadi tindakan pencegahan dapat diambil pada tahap awal. Ini berarti untuk skenario ini, memeriksa tanggul dan bendungan di pipa, kekuatan dan, jika prediksi benar-benar buruk, pihak berwenang dapat sudah memutuskan untuk memulai dengan melaksanakan rencana darurat. Prediction water levelsThe prediction of water levels helps detecting dangerous situation in early stage. This way precautions can be taken in an early stage, so any victims or damage can be prevented.Emergency Coordination PhasesDifferent phase are developed for the scenario ‘failure water barrier (dike/dam)’(shown in table 4.3), because the scenario can occur and develop in different kind of ways. The scenario can proceed in various ways: it starts with phase 1 and stays in this phase 1 which would mean no significant danger or damage or the scenario starts with phase 1 and develops to phase 2 or maybe even phase 3 which means more damage and danger for the people of the Banger area.table 4.3Emergency coordination phasesEmergency coordination phase Criteria1 - The dike is not working as it supposed to do because of little shove and subsidence of the dike.- Technical measures may necessary to strengthen the dike or dam- There is no inundation suspected, water level stays the same2 - The water barrier is substantial damaged because of limited shifting and subsidence of the dike. With a normal water level the dike or dam will still hold his function. In combination with the scenario ‘heavy rainfall’ or ‘storm and/of high tide’ the dike or dam is damaged more and can lose his function.- A threat for the dike is overflow of the dike. The damage for the dike or dam is limited and not fatal.- The water level will rise to a certain level which is not yet dangerous.3 - The dike of dam fails; complete parts of the dike or dam are collapsing or shifting - The Banger polder water level rises to a height which is dangerous for people who live in the Banger polder.- Buildings, water barriers and infrastructure will be damaged.iii. MeasuresMeasures are required to react on the different phases for this scenario. Three phases can occur in this scenario, which means that for every phase different measures are needed.Emergency coordination phase 1High water levels in the rivers increases the risk of failure of the dike /dam. The water barrier may weaken and become vulnerable for cracking or shifting. In this phase no direct damage to the dike/dam is present, also inundation is not expected. Emergency coordination phase 2The water barrier is substantial damaged because of cracking, limited shifting or subsidence. The dike or dam will still hold his function. No or little inundation is expected. The damage to the dike is not fatal, life-threatening situations will not occur in this phase. In combination with the scenario ‘heavy rainfall’ or ‘heavy rainfall and high tide’ the dike or dam is damaged more and can lose his function. A threat for the dike is collapse. Emergency coordination phase 3The dike / dam fail; complete parts of the dike or dam are collapsing or shifting The Banger polder water level rises to a height which is dangerous or life-threatening for people who live in the Banger polder. Buildings, houses and infrastructure will be damaged. The area need to be evacuated. The time to evacuate people depends on the height of the water level from the Banjir Kanal Timur and the Java Sea. The higher the water level the faster the area will be flooded and the harder it will be to evacuate. In combination with scenarios like ‘heavy rainfall’ and ‘heavy rainfall and high tide’ the situation will worsen because evacuation will be more difficult and the damage will be more.6. Water from the west side of the Banger Polderi. Scenario descriptionThe Banger polder is protected against water outside of the polder by different water barriers. Dikes and dams prevent water flowing into the polder. However, no water barrier is present in the western part of the polder. Water may flow into the polder through the west side of the polder when the adjacent area (for example Old Town) will flood.Water can easily flow over the separating road (Jl. Ronggowarsito, Jl. Sayangan, Jl. Letnan Jenderal Mt. Haryono) and flow into the polder, see figure 4.1. Given the expectations of future land subsidence and the increasing flood risk, this may cause big problems for the polder.ii. Emergency threat and coordinationThe emergency threat of this scenario can be determined by the following aspects:- The weather/rain forecast- Inundation adjacent area- Inundation separating roadEach scenario can be divided in different phases, depending on the actual threat of the situation. The different phases of the scenario requires different emergency coordination’s. For the different emergency coordination’s, the following aspects are important:- Actual water level adjacent area- Actual weather/rain- Location(s) inundated adjacent area’s- Inundation depth adjacent area- Current water level Banger PolderThis scenario consist of three emergency coordination phases, seetable 4.4.table 4.4Emergency coordination phasesEmergency coordination phase Criteria1 - Heavy and prolonged rainfall is predicted- Small and local inundation in adjacent west area2 - Local and/or large-scale inundation,water depth >30 cm in adjacent area- Separating road is (partly) flooded- Water level Banger Polder higher than normal3 - Water flows into the polder viaseparating road, figure 4.1(Jl. Ronggowarsito, Jl. Sayangan, Jl. Letnan Jenderal Mt. Haryono)iii. MeasuresEmergency coordination phase 1During heavy rainfall inundation can appear in the west area of the Banger Polder. In the current design of the Banger Polder no water barriers are available in the west side of the Banger, allowing water flowing in the polder. The rainfall causes small and local inundation in the adjacent west area. Possible measures:- Monitor inundation west adjacent area- Monitor water level west adjacent area- Monitor water level Banger Polder Emergency coordination phase 2Prolonged and heavy rainfall causes local and/or large-scale inundations in the west adjacent area of the Banger Polder. The separating road along the west side of the polder is (partly) flooded. Water can now low into the polder in small amounts. At the same time the water level in the Banger Polder is higher than normal. This results in a high flood risk in the polder.Possible measures:- Monitor separating road- Prepare or place sand bags along the separating roads- If not already, pumps full capacityEmergency coordination phase 3Heavy rainfall increases the inundation in the west adjacent area of the Banger Polder. Also the separating road along the west side of the polder is now flooded and big amounts of water flow into the Banger Polder. This increases the water level in the Banger Polder and may cause floods.Possible measures:- Place sand bags along the separating road- Monitor actual water flow into Banger Polder- Monitor water level Banger Polder- Evacuate people (if necessary)- 7. Conclusion and RecommendationWhen an emergency is ended a lot of things still need to be managed. Things need to be repaired, people need
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