older people are more susceptible t

older people are more susceptible to illnesses due to
weakened immune system. in fact the immune system of
elderly people is less able to produce antibodies and mount a
cellular immune response (t-cells). elderly people may have
reduced levels of circulating t-cells that can kill viral infected
cells, or other activated cells of the adaptive immune response.
Moreover the activity or number of natural Killer (nK), that
target virally infected cells and tumors are reduced (22).
Modifications in bowel microbiota probably also contribute to
the chronic inflammatory status of the elderly and to their
increased frailty and immunosenescence (23, 24). Probiotic
bacteria and their cell-wall components (peptidoglycanes,
lipopolysaccharides), dna and metabolites are shown to have
immunomodulatory properties. one mechanism of probiotic
activity is immune modulation; so, it might be expected that
probiotics could slow the immune decline and support immune
function in older people. Human and in vitro studies with
probiotics, explore both the immune benefit and mechanism of
activity, using a range of immune markers. these have included
immunoglobulins (iga, igG: antibodies), toll-like receptors
(antigen recognition sites), mucosal integrity markers, innate
immune markers (nK cells, phagocytes, neutrophils,
monocytes), cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory: the
proteins that communicate with and activate other immune
cells) and viral response

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

orang tua lebih rentan terhadap penyakit karena
sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah. sebenarnya sistem kekebalan tubuh
orang tua kurang mampu menghasilkan antibodi dan me-mount
respon imun seluler (t-sel). orang tua mungkin telah
mengurangi tingkat sirkulasi-sel t yang dapat membunuh virus terinfeksi
sel, atau sel aktif lain dari respon imun adaptif.
Selain itu aktivitas atau jumlah Pembunuh alami (nK), yang
menargetkan sel-sel yang terinfeksi virus dan tumor berkurang ( 22).
Modifikasi di mikrobiota usus mungkin juga berkontribusi terhadap
status inflamasi kronis pada orang tua dan mereka
kelemahan meningkat dan immunosenescence (23, 24). Probiotik
bakteri dan komponen dinding sel mereka (peptidoglycanes,
lipopolisakarida), dna dan metabolit yang terbukti memiliki
sifat imunomodulator. salah satu mekanisme probiotik
aktivitas modulasi kekebalan tubuh; jadi, mungkin diharapkan bahwa
probiotik dapat memperlambat penurunan kekebalan tubuh dan mendukung kekebalan
fungsi pada orang tua. Manusia dan in vitro dengan
probiotik, mengeksplorasi manfaat kekebalan tubuh dan mekanisme
kegiatan, dengan menggunakan berbagai penanda kekebalan. ini telah memasukkan
immunoglobulin (iga, igG: antibodi), reseptor pulsa seperti
(situs pengenalan antigen), spidol integritas mukosa, bawaan
penanda kekebalan (sel nK, fagosit, neutrofil,
monosit), sitokin (pro dan anti-inflamasi: the
protein yang berkomunikasi dengan dan mengaktifkan kekebalan lainnya
sel) dan respon virus