In some cases, a firm may not intentionally set strategy. Its strategy terjemahan - In some cases, a firm may not intentionally set strategy. Its strategy Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

In some cases, a firm may not inten

In some cases, a firm may not intentionally set strategy. Its strategy may simply emerge form the grass roots of the organization as a result of its activities. Emergent strategies can also be the result of the implementation process.
Alterations in goals and "course corrections" may produce strategies that vary from their original design. For these reasons, the study of strategy must extend beyond study of the planning process. However, deliberate and emergent strategies may conceived as two ends of a continuum along which real-world strategies lie.
Therefore, Henry Mintzberg and James A. Waters have developed the concept of strategy as "a pattern in a stream of decisions," by elaborating along this continuum various type of strategy uncovered in further research. These include strategies labelled planned, entrepreneurial, ideological, umbrella, process, unconnected, consensus and imposed.
An understanding of how these different types of strategies blend into each other and tend to sequence themselves over time in different contexts could reveal a good deal about the strategy process.
Conclusions
My intention in this section is not promote any one view of strategy, but rather suggest a number that seem useful. In pursuing the different definitions, it will be helpful to think about the meaning of strategy, to try understand how different people have used the term, and, later to see if certain definitions hold up better in particular context. Finally, the different models of strategy suggest above all that strategy is a concept.
However, for the purpose of this theses, a strategy is defined as
" ... a means, approach, or pattern of actions designed to achieve goals and objectives, focusing on a few key or critical areas. A strategy attempts to achieve a productive fit between the organization and its environment, and exits at several different levels of organizational activity" (Lester A. Digman).
Characteristics Of Strategy
A second way to define strategy is in primary characteristics. This set of ideas places some limits on the sweeping task just sketched as the role of strategy.
Organizational decisions can be arrayed on a continuum, with strategic decisions at one end and tactical decisions at the other. The goals and objectives of an organization are established through strategic decisions.
Tactics, are specific actions the organization might undertake in carrying out its strategy.
A strategy has several distinguishing characteristics:
1. The process of strategy formulation results in no immediate action.
2. Therefore, strategy must next be used to generate strategic projects through a search process.
3. Thus, strategy becomes unnecessary whenever the historical dynamics of an organization will take it where it wants to go (when the search process is already focused on the preferred areas).
4. Strategy formulation must be based on highly aggregated, incomplete and uncertain information about classes of alternatives (at the time of strategy formulation it is no possible to enumerate all the project possibilities which will be uncovered).
5. Successful use of strategy requires strategic feedback.
6. Since both strategy and objectives are used to filter projects, they appear similar. However, they are distinct. Objectives represent the ends which the firm is seeking to attain, while the strategy is the means to these ends.
7. Strategy and objectives are interchangeable; both at different points in time and at different levels of organization. A typical hierarchical relationship results: elements of strategy at a higher managerial level become objectives at a lower one.
Moreover, stating what strategy is not helps to remove unnecessary confusion:
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In some cases, a firm may not intentionally set strategy. Its strategy may simply emerge form the grass roots of the organization as a result of its activities. Emergent strategies can also be the result of the implementation process.Alterations in goals and "course corrections" may produce strategies that vary from their original design. For these reasons, the study of strategy must extend beyond study of the planning process. However, deliberate and emergent strategies may conceived as two ends of a continuum along which real-world strategies lie.Therefore, Henry Mintzberg and James A. Waters have developed the concept of strategy as "a pattern in a stream of decisions," by elaborating along this continuum various type of strategy uncovered in further research. These include strategies labelled planned, entrepreneurial, ideological, umbrella, process, unconnected, consensus and imposed.An understanding of how these different types of strategies blend into each other and tend to sequence themselves over time in different contexts could reveal a good deal about the strategy process.ConclusionsMy intention in this section is not promote any one view of strategy, but rather suggest a number that seem useful. In pursuing the different definitions, it will be helpful to think about the meaning of strategy, to try understand how different people have used the term, and, later to see if certain definitions hold up better in particular context. Finally, the different models of strategy suggest above all that strategy is a concept.However, for the purpose of this theses, a strategy is defined as" ... a means, approach, or pattern of actions designed to achieve goals and objectives, focusing on a few key or critical areas. A strategy attempts to achieve a productive fit between the organization and its environment, and exits at several different levels of organizational activity" (Lester A. Digman).Characteristics Of StrategyA second way to define strategy is in primary characteristics. This set of ideas places some limits on the sweeping task just sketched as the role of strategy.Organizational decisions can be arrayed on a continuum, with strategic decisions at one end and tactical decisions at the other. The goals and objectives of an organization are established through strategic decisions.Tactics, are specific actions the organization might undertake in carrying out its strategy.A strategy has several distinguishing characteristics:1. The process of strategy formulation results in no immediate action.2. Therefore, strategy must next be used to generate strategic projects through a search process.3. Thus, strategy becomes unnecessary whenever the historical dynamics of an organization will take it where it wants to go (when the search process is already focused on the preferred areas).4. Strategy formulation must be based on highly aggregated, incomplete and uncertain information about classes of alternatives (at the time of strategy formulation it is no possible to enumerate all the project possibilities which will be uncovered).5. Successful use of strategy requires strategic feedback.6. Since both strategy and objectives are used to filter projects, they appear similar. However, they are distinct. Objectives represent the ends which the firm is seeking to attain, while the strategy is the means to these ends.7. Strategy and objectives are interchangeable; both at different points in time and at different levels of organization. A typical hierarchical relationship results: elements of strategy at a higher managerial level become objectives at a lower one.Moreover, stating what strategy is not helps to remove unnecessary confusion:
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Dalam beberapa kasus, perusahaan mungkin tidak sengaja mengatur strategi. Strategi yang hanya mungkin muncul membentuk akar rumput organisasi sebagai hasil dari kegiatannya. Strategi muncul juga bisa menjadi hasil dari proses implementasi.
Perubahan dalam tujuan dan "koreksi saja" dapat menghasilkan strategi yang berbeda dari desain aslinya. Untuk alasan ini, studi tentang strategi harus melampaui studi dari proses perencanaan. Namun, strategi yang disengaja dan muncul mungkin dipahami sebagai dua ujung kontinum bersama yang strategi dunia nyata berbohong.
Oleh karena itu, Henry Mintzberg dan James A. Waters telah mengembangkan konsep strategi sebagai "pola dalam aliran keputusan," dengan mengelaborasi bersama berbagai jenis kontinum strategi ditemukan dalam penelitian lebih lanjut. Ini termasuk strategi berlabel direncanakan, kewirausahaan, ideologi, payung, proses, tidak berhubungan, konsensus dan dikenakan.
Pemahaman tentang bagaimana berbagai jenis strategi berbaur satu sama lain dan cenderung untuk urutan diri dari waktu ke waktu dalam konteks yang berbeda dapat mengungkapkan banyak tentang proses strategi.
Kesimpulan
Tujuan saya di bagian ini tidak mempromosikan salah satu pandangan strategi, melainkan menunjukkan angka yang tampaknya berguna. Dalam mengejar definisi yang berbeda, akan sangat membantu untuk berpikir tentang arti strategi, untuk mencoba memahami bagaimana orang yang berbeda telah menggunakan istilah, dan, kemudian untuk melihat apakah definisi tertentu tahan yang lebih baik dalam konteks tertentu. Akhirnya, model yang berbeda dari strategi sarankan di atas semua strategi yang adalah sebuah konsep.
Namun, untuk tujuan tesis ini, strategi didefinisikan sebagai
"... sarana, pendekatan, atau pola tindakan yang dirancang untuk mencapai tujuan dan sasaran, berfokus pada beberapa bidang utama atau penting. Sebuah strategi upaya untuk mencapai fit produktif antara organisasi dan lingkungannya, dan keluar di beberapa tingkat yang berbeda dari kegiatan organisasi "(Lester A. Digman).
Karakteristik Strategi
Cara kedua untuk menentukan strategi adalah karakteristik utama. Ini set ide menempatkan beberapa batasan pada tugas menyapu hanya membuat sketsa sebagai peran strategi.
Keputusan Organisasi dapat tersusun pada sebuah kontinum, dengan keputusan strategis di satu ujung dan keputusan taktis pada yang lain. . Tujuan dan sasaran dari sebuah organisasi yang dibentuk melalui keputusan strategis
Taktik, adalah tindakan spesifik organisasi mungkin melakukan dalam melaksanakan strategi.
Strategi memiliki beberapa karakteristik yang membedakan:
1. Proses hasil perumusan strategi tidak tindakan segera.
2. Oleh karena itu, strategi harus selanjutnya digunakan untuk menghasilkan proyek-proyek strategis melalui proses pencarian.
3. Dengan demikian, strategi menjadi tidak perlu setiap kali dinamika sejarah organisasi akan mengambil mana ia ingin pergi (ketika proses pencarian sudah difokuskan pada daerah disukai).
4. Formulasi strategi harus didasarkan pada sangat agregat, tidak lengkap dan tidak pasti informasi tentang kelas alternatif (pada saat perumusan strategi itu tidak mungkin untuk menghitung semua kemungkinan proyek yang akan ditemukan).
5. Keberhasilan penggunaan strategi membutuhkan umpan balik strategis.
6. Karena kedua strategi dan tujuan yang digunakan untuk proyek-proyek filter, mereka muncul serupa. Namun, mereka berbeda. Tujuan merupakan ujung mana perusahaan berusaha untuk mencapai, sedangkan strategi adalah sarana untuk tujuan ini.
7. Strategi dan tujuan yang dipertukarkan; baik di berbagai titik dalam waktu dan pada tingkat yang berbeda dari organisasi. Sebuah khas hirarkis hasil hubungan:. Elemen strategi di tingkat manajerial yang lebih tinggi menjadi tujuan pada satu lebih rendah
dari itu, menyatakan strategi apa yang tidak membantu menghilangkan kebingungan yang tidak perlu:
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