Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptiv terjemahan - Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptiv Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter,

Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 1
Oral Presentation Handout
Oral presentation skills are important in nearly every career. Scientists and engineers present
at conferences, to students, to their peers etc. Administrators and managers may give talks to
committees about their work, or to groups of people in training. As students, presentation
skills can lead to new opportunities in employment and in education. In addition, travel
awards are often awarded to students who present at conferences.
Planning for Your Oral Presentation
Presentation Setting and Guidelines
Where ever you are presenting, there is usually a coordinator to answer the following questions:
• How much time? Question and answer?
• Who is the audience?
• What is the approximate size of the audience?
• Will they provide a projector?
• Should you prepare hard copies of your presentation? Will they make copies for you?
• Do you need to submit a title and abstract?
How to Effectively Work with Your Mentor To Plan Your Presentation
• Let them know dates and deadlines ahead of
time and remind them graciously
• Get approval (how does he/she want to
approve final the talk?)
• Bring a hard copy of the presentation slides
with you to planning and practice sessions.
• When practicing in front of them, ask if they
will give their comments throughout or at the
end (gives you a diplomatic way to ask for
comments at the end)
Presentation Structure
• Identify the major question or goal of your project
• Determine components of your talk and approximate time for each component of your
talk
• Introduction and Background
• Body
• Conclusions
• Don’t spend time making your slides until you have a good handle on your general
outline
• Did your project answer the question or accomplish the goal?
• If yes, how?
• If no, why not and what could be changed to get an answer
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 2
Presentation Components
Introduction 10 – 30%
• Title: Concise, brief, but descriptive
• Overview (tell ‘em what you’re gonna tell ‘em)
• Reason to listen
• Get the attention of your audience
• Why should the audience be interested?
• Background/context
• What does the audience need to know to
understand your work?
• Remember your audience’s background
• How does your work contribute to the big picture within the group, the
organization, the lab or even the bigger picture of science, engineering, and
society?
• Zoom in: start with big picture and focus in on your specific work
• Give definitions, if needed. This can also be embedded in the body of the
presentation
• Define acronyms, review fundamental scientific concepts if applicable, explain
instruments.
• Give credit to important contributors (especially if they’re in the audience!!)
Body 60 – 80%
This should be the work that YOU specifically completed. The body of the presentation is your
“path” to your conclusion with little stops of details along the way.
• Determine your take home message(s)
• Tell a story that leads the audience to that message, gradually unfolding the facts.
• Use graphics (charts, flowcharts, diagrams, etc.) to simplify and organize
• Keep your purpose in perspective. Remember to return to your path if you get side
tracked. It might be useful to use a flow chart repetitively to show where you are within
the talk
• Be careful to differentiate between experimental evidence and speculation
Projects that are “questions”
• State the question
• Approach to answer question
• Results (data)
• Limitations of approach
• Explanation of what results mean -
use your data to create a scientific
explanation
• Alternative explanations
• Be careful to differentiate between
experimental evidence and
speculation
• Conclusions
Projects that are “designs” or “problems”
• Problem statement
• Approach to solve problem
• Constraints
• Design and support for design
decisions
• Trade-offs and limitations
imposed by your design
• Testing and verification
• Conclusions
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 3
Conclusion 5 – 10%
You can be creative in the way you express your concluding remarks.
• One slide is all it takes
• Recapitulate the purpose, point out the evidence, state the conclusion
• Provide one final visual aid that consists of a single statement or diagram
Acknowledgements and References
• There are two common ways for including references:
• Prepare a separate slide with all references
• Integrate references throughout your presentation  Highly Recommended!!
• Photos of your lab for acknowledgement (include names) are visually interesting
• Acknowledge funding for your project in writing (don’t need to say). See me for the
details of your funding. You should mention the grant # and NIH.
• Double check that you didn’t forget to included anyone in your acknowledgements
(bummer on the big day to be standing in front of someone you forgot to thank).
Creating Your Slides
• Plan for 1-2 minutes per slide
• Limit each slide to one main idea
• Include no more than you will discuss on each slide
• Include titles to supplement, not duplicate
• Use several simple slides rather than one complicated
• Use duplicates if you need to refer to a slide already shown….don’t go backwards
• Give credit where credit is due
• Be prepared to explain whatever you put up
• Don’t spend time making the slides “pretty” until you are sure on the content
Presentation Time!
Delivery
• Enthusiasm is essential
• Be yourself. Capitalize on your own personality
(loud and bubbly isn’t the only way to show your
enthusiasm)
• Clearly articulate every work and sentence
• Maintain eye contact
• Take your time, slowing down solves many
problems
• Avoid monotony
• Change your voice pattern
• Repeat words or phrases
• Pause
• Try to pause instead of filling the silence with “like,” “um,” “ya know?”
• Avoid distracting mannerisms
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 4
Beginning of Talk
• Fear is at a maximum, rapport at a minimum
• Establish contact with audience
• Jokes are risky….sometimes they work, sometimes they fall flat
• Title: concise, brief, accurate
• Examples
End of Talk
• Once you have stated your conclusion, stop! Avoid rambling on, repeating, etc.
• Give acknowledgements, if you haven’t already, say thank you, pause for applause (we’ll
clap for you ), and offer to answer questions
Answering Questions
• Don’t be afraid to take a moment to think
• Do your best to answer the question, even it it’s only part of the answer or you’re not sure
(but don’t make it up!)
• Be gracious
• Answer briefly and to the point
• Repeat the question if possible, this will:
• Make sure you understood the question
• Give you a chance to think
• Make sure that the audience heard the question
• As a last resort, If you don’t know the answer, say so:
• “That is a good question, I hadn’t thought of it like that before”
• “I am not sure. I will have to give it some thought, can talk more later?”
Dealing with Fear
• Prepare and rehearse MANY TIMES
• It is a sign that you care
• Look calm
• Know your demons and minimize them
• Focus on what you are explaining. You have something important to say and we’re all
interested in it!
• Know relaxation techniques (deep breathing, relaxing your hands, etc.)
• Find a friendly face in the audience
• If you find yourself lost, focus on your message
• If you have a tricky or rough spot, memorize those few lines that get you through
• There is no one way to deal!!
Things to Avoid
• Taking up too much time – plan for 80% of allotted time so you don’t go over
• Apologies – this draws attention to your faults
• Putting unnecessary text or diagrams on visuals
• Reading the slide or your notes excessively
• Omitting credit when due
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 5
• Spending too much time looking at visual displays (turning your back to your audience)
• Large last minute changes to your talk. Remind them when you will give the
presentation
The final hours before the talk…..
 Rehearse – especially subtleties like transitions between slides, clarification of vague
statements and strengthen weak points or rough spot.
 Dress to feel confident, comfortable, and show respect for audience
 Relax. Get a good night’s sleep and don’t forget to eat
 Summarize your presentation in 2-3 well-constructed sentences
 Work on transitions between slides
 Get comfortable with your laser pointer, the room, computer set-up, etc.
 Have your presentation on disk, on line etc. Have two back up plans. It is your
responsibility to get your presentation on the computer you’ll be presenting from
 Check in with session chair or moderator
Notes:
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Malika Bell, MARC MBRS dan pemburu, L., O'Bryan, H., Pusat adaptif optik 1
Handout presentasi lisan
keterampilan presentasi lisan penting dalam karir hampir setiap. Ilmuwan dan insinyur hadir
di konferensi, kepada siswa, untuk rekan-rekan mereka dll. Administrator dan manajer dapat memberikan pembicaraan untuk
Komite tentang pekerjaan mereka, atau untuk kelompok orang dalam pelatihan. Sebagai siswa, presentasi
keterampilan dapat menyebabkan peluang-peluang baru dalam pekerjaan dan pendidikan. Selain itu, perjalanan
penghargaan sering diberikan kepada siswa yang hadir pada konferensi
perencanaan untuk presentasi lisan Anda
presentasi pengaturan dan pedoman
mana pun Anda sedang melakukan presentasi, biasanya ada seorang Koordinator untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut:
• bagaimana banyak waktu? Pertanyaan dan jawaban?
• Siapakah pendengarnya?
• Apa adalah perkiraan ukuran penonton?
• akan mereka menyediakan sebuah proyektor?
• harus Anda mempersiapkan hard copy dari presentasi Anda? Mereka akan membuat salinan untuk Anda?
• Apakah Anda perlu menyerahkan judul dan abstrak?
bagaimana secara efektif bekerja dengan Anda Mentor untuk rencana presentasi Anda
• biarkan mereka tahu tanggal dan tenggat waktu depan
waktu dan mengingatkan mereka anggun
• Mendapatkan persetujuan (bagaimana ia ingin untuk
menyetujui akhir bicara?)
• Membawa hard copy dari presentasi slide
dengan Anda untuk perencanaan dan praktek sesi.
• ketika berlatih di depan mereka, meminta jika mereka
akan memberikan komentar mereka seluruh atau di
akhir (memberi Anda cara diplomatik untuk meminta
komentar pada akhir)
struktur presentasi
• mengidentifikasi pertanyaan besar atau tujuan proyek Anda
• Menentukan komponen bicara dan perkiraan waktu untuk setiap komponen Anda
berbicara
• Pendahuluan dan latar belakang
• tubuh
• kesimpulan
• tidak menghabiskan waktu untuk membuat slide Anda sampai Anda memiliki pegangan yang baik pada Anda secara umum
garis besar
• melakukan proyek Anda menjawab pertanyaan atau mencapai tujuan?
• jika ya, bagaimana?
• jika tidak, mengapa tidak dan apa yang dapat diubah untuk mendapatkan jawaban
Malika Bell, MARC MBRS dan pemburu, L., O'Bryan, H., Pusat untuk adaptif optik 2
presentasi komponen
pengenalan 10-30%
• judul: ringkas, singkat, namun deskriptif
• Overview (memberitahu mereka apa yang akan Anda kirim 'em)
• alasan untuk mendengarkan
• mendapat perhatian audiens Anda
• mengapa harus penonton tertarik?
• latar belakang konteks
• apa penonton need untuk tahu untuk
memahami pekerjaan Anda?
• Mengingat latar belakang audiens Anda
bagaimana pekerjaan Anda berkontribusi pada gambaran besar dalam grup, •
organisasi, laboratorium atau bahkan gambar yang lebih besar ilmu, teknik, dan
masyarakat?
• Zoom: mulai dengan gambaran besar dan fokus pada pekerjaan spesifik Anda
• memberikan definisi, jika diperlukan. Ini juga dapat tertanam dalam tubuh
presentasi
• mendefinisikan akronim, meninjau konsep-konsep dasar ilmiah jika berlaku, menjelaskan
instrumen.
• memberikan kredit kepada kontributor penting (terutama jika mereka berada di penonton!!)
Tubuh 60 – 80%
ini harus menjadi pekerjaan yang khusus Anda selesai. Tubuh dari presentasi Anda
"jalan" untuk kesimpulan Anda dengan sedikit berhenti rincian sepanjang cara.
• menentukan pesan Anda mengambil rumah
• Menceritakan sebuah cerita yang mengarah penonton pesan itu, secara bertahap terungkap fakta.
• menggunakan grafik (Chart, diagram alur, diagram, dll) untuk menyederhanakan dan mengatur
• menjaga tujuan Anda dalam perspektif. Ingat untuk kembali ke jalur Anda jika Anda mendapatkan sisi
dilacak. Hal ini mungkin berguna untuk menggunakan alur berulang-ulang untuk menunjukkan mana Anda berada dalam
pembicaraan
• Berhati-hati untuk membedakan antara bukti eksperimental dan spekulasi
proyek yang "pertanyaan"
• negara pertanyaan
• pendekatan untuk menjawab pertanyaan
• hasil (data)
• keterbatasan dari pendekatan
• penjelasan tentang apa artinya hasil-
menggunakan data Anda untuk menciptakan ilmiah
penjelasan
penjelasan alternatif •
• berhati-hati untuk membedakan antara
bukti eksperimental dan
spekulasi
• Kesimpulan
proyek-proyek yang "desain" atau "masalah"
• pernyataan masalah
• pendekatan untuk memecahkan masalah
• kendala
• desain dan dukungan untuk desain
keputusan
• trade-off dan keterbatasan
dikenakan oleh desain Anda
• pengujian dan verifikasi
• kesimpulan
Malika Bell, MARC MBRS dan pemburu, L., O'Bryan, H., Pusat adaptif optik 3
kesimpulan 5-10%
Anda bisa kreatif dengan cara yang Anda mengungkapkan pernyataan penutup.
• satu slide yang dibutuhkan
• mengikhtisarkan tujuan, menunjukkan bukti, menyatakan kesimpulan
• menyediakan satu bantuan visual akhir yang terdiri dari satu pernyataan atau diagram
ucapan terima kasih dan referensi
• ada adalah dua cara yang umum untuk termasuk referensi:
• Siapkan slide terpisah dengan semua referensi
• Memadukan referensi sepanjang Anda  presentasi sangat dianjurkan!
• Foto Anda Lab untuk pengakuan (termasuk nama) secara visual menarik
• mengakui dana untuk proyek Anda secara tertulis (tidak perlu untuk mengatakan). Melihat saya untuk
rincian dana Anda. Anda harus menyebutkan hibah # dan NIH.
• Periksa bahwa Anda tidak lupa untuk termasuk siapa pun dalam penghargaan Anda
(Nyebelin pada hari besar untuk berdiri di depan seseorang Anda lupa untuk berterima kasih).
membuat slide Anda
• rencana untuk 1-2 menit per slide
• membatasi masing-masing slide ke salah satu gagasan utama
• meliputi tidak lebih dari Anda akan membahas tentang masing-masing slide
• Sertakan judul untuk melengkapi, bukan duplikat
• menggunakan beberapa slide sederhana daripada satu rumit
• menggunakan duplikat jika Anda perlu untuk mengacu pada slide menunjukkan...Jangan pergi ke belakang
• memberikan kredit di mana kredit ini disebabkan
• bersiaplah untuk menjelaskan apa pun yang Anda memasang
• tidak menghabiskan waktu membuat slide "cukup" sampai Anda yakin pada konten
waktu presentasi!
pengiriman
• antusiasme penting
• menjadi diri sendiri. Memanfaatkan kepribadian Anda sendiri
(keras dan ceria bukan satu-satunya cara untuk menunjukkan Anda
antusiasme)
• jelas mengartikulasikan setiap pekerjaan dan kalimat
• Mempertahankan kontak mata
• Luangkan waktu Anda, memperlambat memecahkan banyak
masalah
• Hindari monoton
• mengubah pola suara Anda
• ulangi kata-kata atau frasa
• jeda
• mencoba untuk berhenti daripada mengisi keheningan dengan "seperti," "um", "ya tahu?"
• Hindari mengganggu laku
Malika Bell, MARC MBRS dan pemburu, L., O'Bryan, H., Pusat adaptif optik 4
awal berbicara
• takut adalah maksimal, hubungan minimal
• mendirikan kontak dengan penonton
• lelucon berisiko... kadang-kadang mereka bekerja, kadang-kadang mereka jatuh datar
• judul: ringkas, singkat dan akurat
• contoh
akhir bicara
• setelah Anda telah menyatakan kesimpulan Anda, berhenti! Menghindari mengoceh, mengulangi, dll
• memberikan penghargaan, jika Anda belum melakukannya, mengatakan terima kasih, berhenti sejenak untuk tepuk tangan (kami akan
bertepuk tangan untuk Anda ), dan menawarkan untuk menjawab pertanyaan
menjawab pertanyaan
• jangan takut untuk mengambil waktu sejenak untuk berpikir
• melakukan yang terbaik untuk menjawab pertanyaan, bahkan hal itu hanya bagian dari jawaban atau Anda tidak yakin
(tapi tidak membuat itu!)
• Menjadi anggun
• menjawab singkat dan to the point
• ulangi pertanyaan jika mungkin, ini akan:
• Pastikan Anda memahami pertanyaan
• memberi Anda kesempatan untuk berpikir
• Pastikan bahwa para penonton mendengar pertanyaan
• sebagai pilihan terakhir, jika Anda tidak tahu jawabannya, mengatakan demikian:
• "itu adalah pertanyaan yang bagus, saya tidak berpikir seperti itu sebelum"
• "Aku tidak yakin. Aku akan harus memberikan beberapa pemikiran, dapat berbicara lagi nanti?"
Berurusan dengan ketakutan
• mempersiapkan dan berlatih banyak kali
• itu adalah pertanda bahwa Anda peduli
• terlihat tenang
• mengetahui setan dan meminimalkan mereka
• Fokus pada apa yang Anda menjelaskan. Anda memiliki sesuatu yang penting untuk mengatakan dan kami semua
tertarik!
• tahu teknik relaksasi (dalam bernapas, santai Anda tangan, dll.)
• Menemukan wajah yang ramah penonton
• jika Anda menemukan diri Anda kehilangan, fokus pada pesan
• jika Anda memiliki tempat yang rumit atau kasar, menghafal mereka beberapa baris yang mendapatkan Anda melalui
• ada tidak salah satu cara untuk menangani!!
Hal-hal untuk Hindari
• mengambil terlalu banyak waktu-rencana untuk 80% dari jatah waktu sehingga Anda tidak pergi
• permintaan maaf-ini menarik perhatian kepada kesalahan Anda
• menempatkan teks yang tidak perlu atau diagram pada visual
• membaca slide atau catatan Anda berlebihan
• Omitting kredit saat jatuh tempo
Malika Bell, MARC MBRS dan pemburu, L., O'Bryan, H., Pusat adaptif optik 5
• Menghabiskan waktu terlalu banyak melihat visual menampilkan (mengubah punggung Anda untuk audiens Anda)
besar • menit terakhir perubahan Anda bicara. Mengingatkan mereka Kapan Anda akan memberikan
presentasi
jam akhir sebelum bicara...
 Rehearse – terutama seluk-beluk seperti transisi antara slide, klarifikasi samar
pernyataan dan memperkuat titik lemah atau kasar spot.
 gaun merasa percaya diri, nyaman, dan menunjukkan rasa hormat untuk audiens
 bersantai. Mendapatkan tidur malam yang baik dan jangan lupa untuk makan
 meringkas presentasi Anda dalam 2-3 kalimat-kalimat yang dibangun dengan baik
 bekerja pada transisi antara slide
 mendapatkan nyaman dengan penunjuk laser, Kamar, komputer set-up, dll
 memiliki presentasi Anda pada disk, jalur dll. Memiliki dua cadangan rencana. Itu adalah Anda
tanggung jawab untuk mendapatkan presentasi Anda pada komputer Anda akan mempresentasikan dari
 memeriksa dengan sesi kursi atau moderator
Catatan:
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 1
Oral Presentation Handout
Oral presentation skills are important in nearly every career. Scientists and engineers present
at conferences, to students, to their peers etc. Administrators and managers may give talks to
committees about their work, or to groups of people in training. As students, presentation
skills can lead to new opportunities in employment and in education. In addition, travel
awards are often awarded to students who present at conferences.
Planning for Your Oral Presentation
Presentation Setting and Guidelines
Where ever you are presenting, there is usually a coordinator to answer the following questions:
• How much time? Question and answer?
• Who is the audience?
• What is the approximate size of the audience?
• Will they provide a projector?
• Should you prepare hard copies of your presentation? Will they make copies for you?
• Do you need to submit a title and abstract?
How to Effectively Work with Your Mentor To Plan Your Presentation
• Let them know dates and deadlines ahead of
time and remind them graciously
• Get approval (how does he/she want to
approve final the talk?)
• Bring a hard copy of the presentation slides
with you to planning and practice sessions.
• When practicing in front of them, ask if they
will give their comments throughout or at the
end (gives you a diplomatic way to ask for
comments at the end)
Presentation Structure
• Identify the major question or goal of your project
• Determine components of your talk and approximate time for each component of your
talk
• Introduction and Background
• Body
• Conclusions
• Don’t spend time making your slides until you have a good handle on your general
outline
• Did your project answer the question or accomplish the goal?
• If yes, how?
• If no, why not and what could be changed to get an answer
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 2
Presentation Components
Introduction 10 – 30%
• Title: Concise, brief, but descriptive
• Overview (tell ‘em what you’re gonna tell ‘em)
• Reason to listen
• Get the attention of your audience
• Why should the audience be interested?
• Background/context
• What does the audience need to know to
understand your work?
• Remember your audience’s background
• How does your work contribute to the big picture within the group, the
organization, the lab or even the bigger picture of science, engineering, and
society?
• Zoom in: start with big picture and focus in on your specific work
• Give definitions, if needed. This can also be embedded in the body of the
presentation
• Define acronyms, review fundamental scientific concepts if applicable, explain
instruments.
• Give credit to important contributors (especially if they’re in the audience!!)
Body 60 – 80%
This should be the work that YOU specifically completed. The body of the presentation is your
“path” to your conclusion with little stops of details along the way.
• Determine your take home message(s)
• Tell a story that leads the audience to that message, gradually unfolding the facts.
• Use graphics (charts, flowcharts, diagrams, etc.) to simplify and organize
• Keep your purpose in perspective. Remember to return to your path if you get side
tracked. It might be useful to use a flow chart repetitively to show where you are within
the talk
• Be careful to differentiate between experimental evidence and speculation
Projects that are “questions”
• State the question
• Approach to answer question
• Results (data)
• Limitations of approach
• Explanation of what results mean -
use your data to create a scientific
explanation
• Alternative explanations
• Be careful to differentiate between
experimental evidence and
speculation
• Conclusions
Projects that are “designs” or “problems”
• Problem statement
• Approach to solve problem
• Constraints
• Design and support for design
decisions
• Trade-offs and limitations
imposed by your design
• Testing and verification
• Conclusions
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 3
Conclusion 5 – 10%
You can be creative in the way you express your concluding remarks.
• One slide is all it takes
• Recapitulate the purpose, point out the evidence, state the conclusion
• Provide one final visual aid that consists of a single statement or diagram
Acknowledgements and References
• There are two common ways for including references:
• Prepare a separate slide with all references
• Integrate references throughout your presentation  Highly Recommended!!
• Photos of your lab for acknowledgement (include names) are visually interesting
• Acknowledge funding for your project in writing (don’t need to say). See me for the
details of your funding. You should mention the grant # and NIH.
• Double check that you didn’t forget to included anyone in your acknowledgements
(bummer on the big day to be standing in front of someone you forgot to thank).
Creating Your Slides
• Plan for 1-2 minutes per slide
• Limit each slide to one main idea
• Include no more than you will discuss on each slide
• Include titles to supplement, not duplicate
• Use several simple slides rather than one complicated
• Use duplicates if you need to refer to a slide already shown….don’t go backwards
• Give credit where credit is due
• Be prepared to explain whatever you put up
• Don’t spend time making the slides “pretty” until you are sure on the content
Presentation Time!
Delivery
• Enthusiasm is essential
• Be yourself. Capitalize on your own personality
(loud and bubbly isn’t the only way to show your
enthusiasm)
• Clearly articulate every work and sentence
• Maintain eye contact
• Take your time, slowing down solves many
problems
• Avoid monotony
• Change your voice pattern
• Repeat words or phrases
• Pause
• Try to pause instead of filling the silence with “like,” “um,” “ya know?”
• Avoid distracting mannerisms
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 4
Beginning of Talk
• Fear is at a maximum, rapport at a minimum
• Establish contact with audience
• Jokes are risky….sometimes they work, sometimes they fall flat
• Title: concise, brief, accurate
• Examples
End of Talk
• Once you have stated your conclusion, stop! Avoid rambling on, repeating, etc.
• Give acknowledgements, if you haven’t already, say thank you, pause for applause (we’ll
clap for you ), and offer to answer questions
Answering Questions
• Don’t be afraid to take a moment to think
• Do your best to answer the question, even it it’s only part of the answer or you’re not sure
(but don’t make it up!)
• Be gracious
• Answer briefly and to the point
• Repeat the question if possible, this will:
• Make sure you understood the question
• Give you a chance to think
• Make sure that the audience heard the question
• As a last resort, If you don’t know the answer, say so:
• “That is a good question, I hadn’t thought of it like that before”
• “I am not sure. I will have to give it some thought, can talk more later?”
Dealing with Fear
• Prepare and rehearse MANY TIMES
• It is a sign that you care
• Look calm
• Know your demons and minimize them
• Focus on what you are explaining. You have something important to say and we’re all
interested in it!
• Know relaxation techniques (deep breathing, relaxing your hands, etc.)
• Find a friendly face in the audience
• If you find yourself lost, focus on your message
• If you have a tricky or rough spot, memorize those few lines that get you through
• There is no one way to deal!!
Things to Avoid
• Taking up too much time – plan for 80% of allotted time so you don’t go over
• Apologies – this draws attention to your faults
• Putting unnecessary text or diagrams on visuals
• Reading the slide or your notes excessively
• Omitting credit when due
Malika Bell, MARC/MBRS and Hunter, L., O’Bryan, H., Center for Adaptive Optics 5
• Spending too much time looking at visual displays (turning your back to your audience)
• Large last minute changes to your talk. Remind them when you will give the
presentation
The final hours before the talk…..
 Rehearse – especially subtleties like transitions between slides, clarification of vague
statements and strengthen weak points or rough spot.
 Dress to feel confident, comfortable, and show respect for audience
 Relax. Get a good night’s sleep and don’t forget to eat
 Summarize your presentation in 2-3 well-constructed sentences
 Work on transitions between slides
 Get comfortable with your laser pointer, the room, computer set-up, etc.
 Have your presentation on disk, on line etc. Have two back up plans. It is your
responsibility to get your presentation on the computer you’ll be presenting from
 Check in with session chair or moderator
Notes:
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