which is illustrated in Fig. 2a whe

which is illustrated in Fig. 2a where the evolution of G

is shown
after rapid cooling to 5
◦
C from the liquid state at 50
◦
C.
The effect of the KCl concentration on the evolution of the shear
modulus after rapid cooling to 5
◦
C at C = 2 g/L -car is shown in
Fig. 3a. At low KCl concentrations gelation is extremely slow, but
with increasing KCl concentration gelation becomes faster and the
shear modulus becomes larger.
3.2. Pure calcium induced gelation
Fig. 2b shows that in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2gelation was
fast even at low -car concentrations and the gel moduli were much
higher than at 10 mM KCl even though the critical gelation temperature was lower (Tc≈ 10
◦
C). The evolution after rapidly cooling to
5
◦
C is shown for C = 2 g/L -car at different CaCl2concentrations in
Fig. 3b. Clearly gelation induced by calcium ions is much faster than
gelation induced by potassium ions except at 5.3 mM CaCl2where
it took several hours to approach steady state. We did not observe
gelation at [CaCl2] = 4 mM in the fridge at 4
◦
C even after several
weeks. Samples with higher -car concentrations up to 8 g/L did
not show gelation at 4 mM CaCl2either. Trials with intermediate
Fig. 4. Elastic modulus of -car gels at C = 2 g/L as a function of the CaCl2concentration at 5
◦
C in the absence (open symbols) and presence of 10 mM KCl (closed
symbols).
CaCl2concentration showed that a gel was formed at 5.0 mM after
2 days, but no gels were formed at 4.7 mM.
The frequency dependence of the shear moduli was measured
after the system was allowed to evolve at 5
◦
C. For all systems discussed here G

was larger than G

and was almost independent of
the frequency at lower frequencies where G

is equal to the elastic
modulus (Gel
) of the gels. The dependence of Gel
near steady state
on the CaCl2concentration is shown in Fig. 4. Remarkably, the gel
modulus decreased with increasing CaCl2concentration, whereas
it increased with increasing KCl concentration, see Fig. 3a. Another
notable difference between gels induced by KCl and CaCl2 was
that the latter became increasingly turbid with increasing [CaCl2],
whereas the former remained transparent, see Fig. 5

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

which is illustrated in Fig. 2a where the evolution of Gis shownafter rapid cooling to 5◦C from the liquid state at 50◦C.The effect of the KCl concentration on the evolution of the shearmodulus after rapid cooling to 5◦C at C = 2 g/L -car is shown inFig. 3a. At low KCl concentrations gelation is extremely slow, butwith increasing KCl concentration gelation becomes faster and theshear modulus becomes larger.3.2. Pure calcium induced gelationFig. 2b shows that in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2gelation wasfast even at low -car concentrations and the gel moduli were muchhigher than at 10 mM KCl even though the critical gelation temperature was lower (Tc≈ 10◦C). The evolution after rapidly cooling to5◦C is shown for C = 2 g/L -car at different CaCl2concentrations inFig. 3b. Clearly gelation induced by calcium ions is much faster thangelation induced by potassium ions except at 5.3 mM CaCl2whereit took several hours to approach steady state. We did not observegelation at [CaCl2] = 4 mM in the fridge at 4◦C even after severalweeks. Samples with higher -car concentrations up to 8 g/L didnot show gelation at 4 mM CaCl2either. Trials with intermediateFig. 4. Elastic modulus of -car gels at C = 2 g/L as a function of the CaCl2concentration at 5◦C in the absence (open symbols) and presence of 10 mM KCl (closedsymbols).CaCl2concentration showed that a gel was formed at 5.0 mM after2 hari, tetapi tidak ada gel dibentuk di 4.7 mM.Frekuensi ketergantungan geser modul diukurSetelah sistem itu diperbolehkan untuk berevolusi di 5◦C. untuk semua sistem dibahas di sini Gini lebih besar daripada Gdan hampir independen darifrekuensi pada kekerapan lebih rendah dimana Gsama dengan elastismodulus (Gel) gel. Ketergantungan geldekat kesetimbanganpada CaCl2concentration ditunjukkan dalam gambar 4. Hebatnya, gelmodulus menurun dengan semakin CaCl2concentration, sedangkanmeningkatkan dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi KCl, lihat Gambar 3a. Lainperbedaan mencolok antara gel yang disebabkan oleh KCl dan CaCl2 adalahbahwa yang terakhir menjadi semakin keruh dengan meningkatnya [CaCl2],Sedangkan mantan tetap transparan, melihat gambar 5