1. What is the role of knowledge management and knowledge management p terjemahan - 1. What is the role of knowledge management and knowledge management p Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

1. What is the role of knowledge ma

1. What is the role of knowledge management and knowledge management programs
in business?
a. Define knowledge management and explain its value to businesses.
b. Describe the important dimensions of knowl-edge.
c. Distinguish between data, knowledge, and wisdom and between tacit knowledge and
explicit knowledge.
2. What types of systems are used for enterprise-wide knowledge management and
how do they provide value for businesses?
a. Define and describe the various types of enterprise-wide knowledge management sys-
tems and explain how they provide value for businesses.
b. Describe the role of the following in facilitat-ing knowledge management: portals,
wikis, social bookmarking, and learning manage-ment systems.
3. What are the major types of knowledge work sys-tems and how do they provide
value for firms?
a. Define knowledge work systems and describe the generic requirements of knowledge
work systems.
b. Describe how the following systems support
4. What are the business benefits of using intelli-gent techniques for knowledge
management?
a. Define an expert system, describe how it works, and explain its value to business.
b. Define case-based reasoning and explain how it differs from an expert system.










In October 2010, the UK-based cell phone carrier O2 launched the country’s first
large-scale, location-based service for delivering targeted marketing to mobile devices. The
concept of targeted marketing is consid-ered to be a vital part of any business. O2 Media, the
mobile marketing division of the company, already uses customer data to provide
personalized market-ing to companies. For example, an iPhone application (“app”) for a
theme park that was targeted at families with children had great success, with approximately
30 percent of those targeted eventually downloading the app. The traditional targets for
marketing are age, gender, interests, and so on. Location-based market-ing can go further by
targeting marketing at the right individuals at the right time, when they are in the right
location to make a purchase.
Here’s how O2’s system works. O2 customers opt into the system by providing their
age, gender, and interests. When customers are near an outlet that matches their profile, they
receive an SMS message for discounts or other special offers. As of O2’s launch, it was
limited to providing discounts to Starbucks coffee shops and outlets supplying L’Oréal hair
products, but O2 Media was confident that other partners will come
on board.
The service is based on a technology called “geo-fencing,” which is provided to O2
by a California based company called Placecast. In 2009, Placecast conducted a trial, under
the name of ShopAlerts, involving three different types of retailers— American Eagle
Outfitters (clothing for young adults), North Face (outdoor equipment and apparel), and
Sonic (fast-food outlet). Although there may be some overlap between potential customers at
these three retailers, plenty of people will fit one category but not the other two. Targeted
marketing reduces the likelihood of relevant marketing messages being lost in “junk mail”;
that is, customers get SMS messages that they know are probably relevant. According to
research carried out by Placecast on ShopAlerts users, most customers opened the alerts
immediately, and 65 percent made a purchase as a result of receiving the SMS message
(interestingly, not always a purchase mentioned in the message).
O2 had to resolve several issues with this type of marketing.
• Opt in and opt out. Customers must be able to opt out of the system at any time and must
be required to opt in at the start.
• Age. The O2 scheme is not available to customers younger than age 16.
• Data sharing. The targeted marketing is based on information supplied by the customer.
This data must not be shared with other customers.
• Frequency. Because the SMS is triggered by the customer moving into the geo-fenced
area, there is a danger that the customer will be bombarded with messages as he or she
walks up and down the street. The Placecast American trial capped messages at one per
every 48 hours and three per week. The O2 scheme limits the frequency of messages to
one per day.
• Devices. The O2 scheme works on any mobile phone. It is not necessary to download an
app (i.e., a smartphone is not required), and it does not affect the device’s battery life.
As you might expect, O2 and its partners were enthusiastic about the venture. According to
Shaun Gregory, managing director of O2 Media, the market potential is huge and this is a
modern and efficient way to reach a mass audience in one go. Hal Kimber, head of CRM for
L’Oréal, noted that the opportunity was very exciting and L’Oréal would learn a great deal
which it could implement in future initiatives.
The use of text alerts for marketing does need to consider the potential customer and
their use of tex-ting. A survey conducted in October 2010 by comScore, a marketing research
company that studies online behavior, found huge differences in mobile behavior in different
parts of the world. The survey included cell phone users in Japan, the United States, and
Europe. The researchers found that in the European sample more than 80 percent of people
sent SMS messages to one another; in the United States the figure was 66.8 percent. In Japan,
however, the figure was much lower—40.1 percent. Of course the lack of enthusiasm for
sending messages does not necessarily reflect an unwillingness to receive marketing texts.
It appears that in Japan the emphasis is less on
the opt-in approach of Placecast and more on loca-tion- based mobile advertising, a more
sophisticated way of changing the advertising that a user receives when using an application.
For example, someone using an iPhone or Android app typically also sees banner
advertisements. AdLocal (now part of Yahoo! Japan) has the largest share of Japan’s
location-based advertising market (valued at US $1 billion!), and such
technology can make sure that the advertising that theuser receives is based not necessarily
on who they are but where they are. Advertisers create their own adver-tisements using a
wizard and then specify the desired locations and dates to display them (for special promo-
tions, discounts, etc.). It seems that the success of this type of intelligent marketing is likely
to spread to the United States and Europe.


CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
1. Two different approaches to capturing consumer interest are described in this case.
How do the Placecast and AdLocal approaches differ?
2. Do you think that targeted advertising is better than a blanket approach? What is the
difference for the advertiser? For the consumer?
3. Think of businesses in your area that might benefit from joining the O2 scheme. What
could they offer?
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1. What is the role of knowledge management and knowledge management programs in business?a. Define knowledge management and explain its value to businesses.b. Describe the important dimensions of knowl-edge.c. Distinguish between data, knowledge, and wisdom and between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.2. What types of systems are used for enterprise-wide knowledge management and how do they provide value for businesses?a. Define and describe the various types of enterprise-wide knowledge management sys-tems and explain how they provide value for businesses.b. Describe the role of the following in facilitat-ing knowledge management: portals, wikis, social bookmarking, and learning manage-ment systems.3. What are the major types of knowledge work sys-tems and how do they provide value for firms?a. Define knowledge work systems and describe the generic requirements of knowledge work systems.b. Describe how the following systems support 4. What are the business benefits of using intelli-gent techniques for knowledge management?a. Define an expert system, describe how it works, and explain its value to business.b. Define case-based reasoning and explain how it differs from an expert system.In October 2010, the UK-based cell phone carrier O2 launched the country’s first large-scale, location-based service for delivering targeted marketing to mobile devices. The concept of targeted marketing is consid-ered to be a vital part of any business. O2 Media, the mobile marketing division of the company, already uses customer data to provide personalized market-ing to companies. For example, an iPhone application (“app”) for a theme park that was targeted at families with children had great success, with approximately 30 percent of those targeted eventually downloading the app. The traditional targets for marketing are age, gender, interests, and so on. Location-based market-ing can go further by targeting marketing at the right individuals at the right time, when they are in the right location to make a purchase.Here’s how O2’s system works. O2 customers opt into the system by providing their age, gender, and interests. When customers are near an outlet that matches their profile, they receive an SMS message for discounts or other special offers. As of O2’s launch, it was limited to providing discounts to Starbucks coffee shops and outlets supplying L’Oréal hair products, but O2 Media was confident that other partners will come on board.The service is based on a technology called “geo-fencing,” which is provided to O2 by a California based company called Placecast. In 2009, Placecast conducted a trial, under the name of ShopAlerts, involving three different types of retailers— American Eagle Outfitters (clothing for young adults), North Face (outdoor equipment and apparel), and Sonic (fast-food outlet). Although there may be some overlap between potential customers atthese three retailers, plenty of people will fit one category but not the other two. Targeted
marketing reduces the likelihood of relevant marketing messages being lost in “junk mail”;
that is, customers get SMS messages that they know are probably relevant. According to
research carried out by Placecast on ShopAlerts users, most customers opened the alerts
immediately, and 65 percent made a purchase as a result of receiving the SMS message
(interestingly, not always a purchase mentioned in the message).
O2 had to resolve several issues with this type of marketing.
• Opt in and opt out. Customers must be able to opt out of the system at any time and must
be required to opt in at the start.
• Age. The O2 scheme is not available to customers younger than age 16.
• Data sharing. The targeted marketing is based on information supplied by the customer.
This data must not be shared with other customers.
• Frequency. Because the SMS is triggered by the customer moving into the geo-fenced
area, there is a danger that the customer will be bombarded with messages as he or she
walks up and down the street. The Placecast American trial capped messages at one per
every 48 hours and three per week. The O2 scheme limits the frequency of messages to
one per day.
• Devices. The O2 scheme works on any mobile phone. It is not necessary to download an
app (i.e., a smartphone is not required), and it does not affect the device’s battery life.
As you might expect, O2 and its partners were enthusiastic about the venture. According to
Shaun Gregory, managing director of O2 Media, the market potential is huge and this is a
modern and efficient way to reach a mass audience in one go. Hal Kimber, head of CRM for
L’Oréal, noted that the opportunity was very exciting and L’Oréal would learn a great deal
which it could implement in future initiatives.
The use of text alerts for marketing does need to consider the potential customer and
their use of tex-ting. A survey conducted in October 2010 by comScore, a marketing research
company that studies online behavior, found huge differences in mobile behavior in different
parts of the world. The survey included cell phone users in Japan, the United States, and
Europe. The researchers found that in the European sample more than 80 percent of people
sent SMS messages to one another; in the United States the figure was 66.8 percent. In Japan,
however, the figure was much lower—40.1 percent. Of course the lack of enthusiasm for
sending messages does not necessarily reflect an unwillingness to receive marketing texts.
It appears that in Japan the emphasis is less on
the opt-in approach of Placecast and more on loca-tion- based mobile advertising, a more
sophisticated way of changing the advertising that a user receives when using an application.
For example, someone using an iPhone or Android app typically also sees banner
advertisements. AdLocal (now part of Yahoo! Japan) has the largest share of Japan’s
location-based advertising market (valued at US $1 billion!), and such
technology can make sure that the advertising that theuser receives is based not necessarily
on who they are but where they are. Advertisers create their own adver-tisements using a
wizard and then specify the desired locations and dates to display them (for special promo-
tions, discounts, etc.). It seems that the success of this type of intelligent marketing is likely
to spread to the United States and Europe.


CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
1. Two different approaches to capturing consumer interest are described in this case.
How do the Placecast and AdLocal approaches differ?
2. Do you think that targeted advertising is better than a blanket approach? What is the
difference for the advertiser? For the consumer?
3. Think of businesses in your area that might benefit from joining the O2 scheme. What
could they offer?
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
1. Apa peran dari program manajemen pengetahuan dan manajemen pengetahuan
dalam bisnis?
A. Mendefinisikan manajemen pengetahuan dan menjelaskan nilainya untuk bisnis.
B. Menjelaskan dimensi penting dari penge-tepi.
C. Membedakan antara data, pengetahuan, dan kebijaksanaan dan antara pengetahuan tacit dan
pengetahuan eksplisit.
2. Apa jenis sistem yang digunakan untuk pengetahuan manajemen perusahaan-lebar dan
bagaimana mereka memberikan nilai bagi bisnis?
A. Mendefinisikan dan menggambarkan berbagai jenis pengetahuan manajemen perusahaan-lebar sistemik
tems dan menjelaskan bagaimana mereka memberikan nilai bagi bisnis.
B. Menggambarkan peran berikut dalam manajemen pengetahuan facilitat-ing: portal,
wiki, bookmark sosial, dan belajar mengelola-ment sistem.
3. Apa jenis utama dari pengetahuan kerja sys tems-dan bagaimana mereka memberikan
nilai bagi perusahaan?
A. Mendefinisikan sistem kerja pengetahuan dan menjelaskan persyaratan generik pengetahuan
sistem kerja.
B. Jelaskan bagaimana sistem berikut mendukung
4. Apa manfaat bisnis menggunakan teknik Intelli-gent pengetahuan
manajemen?
A. Mendefinisikan sistem pakar, menjelaskan cara kerjanya, dan menjelaskan nilai bisnis.
B. Mendefinisikan penalaran berbasis kasus dan menjelaskan bagaimana hal itu berbeda dari sistem pakar. Pada bulan Oktober 2010, yang berbasis di Inggris ponsel operator O2 meluncurkan pertama negara itu skala besar, layanan berbasis lokasi untuk memberikan pemasaran yang ditargetkan untuk perangkat mobile. The konsep pemasaran yang ditargetkan adalah bahan pertimbangan-ered menjadi bagian penting dari bisnis apapun. O2 Media, divisi pemasaran mobile dari perusahaan, sudah menggunakan data pelanggan untuk memberikan personalisasi pasar-ing ke perusahaan. Sebagai contoh, sebuah aplikasi iPhone ("app") untuk taman yang ditargetkan pada keluarga dengan anak-anak telah sukses besar, dengan sekitar 30 persen dari yang ditargetkan pada akhirnya men-download aplikasi. Sasaran tradisional untuk pemasaran adalah usia, jenis kelamin, minat, dan sebagainya. Berbasis lokasi pasar-ing bisa pergi lebih jauh dengan menargetkan pemasaran di individu yang tepat pada waktu yang tepat, ketika mereka berada di kanan lokasi untuk melakukan pembelian. Berikut adalah cara sistem O2 bekerja. Pelanggan O2 memilih ke dalam sistem dengan memberikan mereka umur, jenis kelamin, dan kepentingan. Ketika pelanggan dekat stopkontak yang sesuai dengan profil mereka, mereka menerima pesan SMS untuk diskon atau penawaran khusus lainnya. Pada peluncuran O2, itu sebatas memberikan diskon ke toko-toko kopi Starbucks dan outlet memasok rambut L'Oréal produk, tapi O2 Media yakin bahwa mitra lainnya akan datang di papan. Layanan ini didasarkan pada teknologi yang disebut "geo-fencing, "yang disediakan untuk O2 oleh sebuah perusahaan berbasis California disebut Placecast. Pada tahun 2009, Placecast dilakukan percobaan, di bawah nama ShopAlerts, melibatkan tiga jenis retailers- American Eagle Outfitters (pakaian untuk orang dewasa muda), North Face (peralatan outdoor dan pakaian), dan Sonic (outlet makanan cepat saji). Meskipun mungkin ada beberapa tumpang tindih antara pelanggan potensial di tiga pengecer ini, banyak orang akan cocok satu kategori tetapi tidak dua lainnya. Target pemasaran mengurangi kemungkinan pesan pemasaran yang relevan yang hilang di "junk mail", yaitu, pelanggan mendapatkan pesan SMS yang mereka tahu mungkin relevan. Menurut riset yang dilakukan oleh Placecast pada ShopAlerts pengguna, kebanyakan pelanggan membuka peringatan segera, dan 65 persen melakukan pembelian sebagai hasil dari menerima pesan SMS (menarik, tidak selalu pembelian disebutkan dalam pesan). O2 harus menyelesaikan beberapa masalah dengan jenis pemasaran. • Keikutsertaan dalam dan memilih keluar. Pelanggan harus dapat memilih keluar dari sistem pada setiap saat dan harus diminta untuk memilih di pada awal. • Umur. Skema O2 tidak tersedia untuk pelanggan yang lebih muda dari usia 16. • berbagi data. Pemasaran yang ditargetkan berdasarkan informasi yang diberikan oleh pelanggan. Data ini tidak boleh dibagi dengan pelanggan lain. • Frekuensi. Karena SMS yang dipicu oleh pelanggan pindah ke geo-berpagar daerah, ada bahaya bahwa pelanggan akan dibombardir dengan pesan karena ia berjalan naik dan turun jalan. The Placecast Amerika trial pesan dibatasi pada satu per setiap 48 jam dan tiga per minggu. Skema O2 membatasi frekuensi pesan ke satu per hari. • Devices. Skema O2 bekerja pada setiap ponsel. Hal ini tidak perlu untuk men-download aplikasi (yaitu, smartphone tidak diperlukan), dan itu tidak mempengaruhi daya tahan baterai perangkat. Seperti yang Anda duga, O2 dan mitra-mitranya yang antusias usaha. Menurut Shaun Gregory, managing director O2 Media, potensi pasar sangat besar dan ini adalah cara yang modern dan efisien untuk menjangkau khalayak massa dalam satu pergi. Hal Kimber, kepala CRM untuk L'Oréal, mencatat bahwa kesempatan ini sangat menarik dan L'Oréal akan belajar banyak yang bisa menerapkan dalam inisiatif masa depan. Penggunaan alert teks untuk pemasaran tidak perlu mempertimbangkan pelanggan potensial dan mereka menggunakan tex-ting. Sebuah survei yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 oleh comScore, sebuah riset pemasaran perusahaan yang mempelajari perilaku online, menemukan perbedaan besar dalam perilaku ponsel di berbagai belahan dunia. Survei termasuk pengguna ponsel di Jepang, Amerika Serikat, dan Eropa. Para peneliti menemukan bahwa dalam sampel Eropa lebih dari 80 persen orang mengirim pesan SMS ke satu sama lain; di Amerika Serikat angka itu 66,8 persen. Di Jepang, namun, angka itu jauh lebih rendah-40,1 ​​persen. Tentu saja kurangnya antusiasme untuk mengirim pesan tidak selalu mencerminkan keengganan untuk menerima teks pemasaran. Tampaknya di Jepang penekanan kurang pada pendekatan opt-in dari Placecast dan lebih pada loca-tion- mobile advertising berbasis, lebih cara canggih mengubah iklan yang pengguna menerima ketika menggunakan aplikasi. Misalnya, seseorang dengan menggunakan sebuah aplikasi iPhone atau Android biasanya juga melihat banner iklan. AdLocal (sekarang bagian dari Yahoo! Jepang) memiliki pangsa terbesar dari Jepang berbasis lokasi pasar iklan (senilai US $ 1 miliar!), Dan seperti teknologi dapat memastikan bahwa iklan yang theuser menerima didasarkan tidak selalu pada siapa mereka tapi di mana mereka. Pengiklan membuat adver-tisements sendiri menggunakan penyihir dan kemudian tentukan lokasi yang diinginkan dan tanggal untuk menampilkan mereka (untuk khusus promo- tions, diskon, dll). Tampaknya keberhasilan jenis pemasaran cerdas cenderung menyebar ke Amerika Serikat dan Eropa. PERTANYAAN STUDI KASUS 1. Dua pendekatan yang berbeda untuk menangkap minat konsumen dijelaskan dalam hal ini. Bagaimana Placecast dan AdLocal pendekatan berbeda? 2. Apakah Anda berpikir bahwa iklan bertarget lebih baik dari pendekatan selimut? Apa perbedaan bagi pengiklan? Bagi konsumen? 3. Pikirkan bisnis di daerah Anda yang mungkin manfaat dari bergabung dengan skema O2. Apa yang bisa mereka tawarkan?



















































































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