International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 6; [Sp terjemahan - International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 6; [Sp Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

International Journal of Business a

International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 6; [Special Issue -March 2012]
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The Assessment of Viewpoint to Core Competence Understanding of Successful Companies in Developing Countries (The Case Study of Turkey) Dr. Fatma Ayanoğlu Şişman Lecturer of Management and Organization Science Marmara University, Business Department Bahçelievler Campus Istanbul-Turkey Dr. Nilay Gemlik Assistant Professor of Healt Management Marmara University, Health Science Faculty Istanbul-Turkey Prof. Dr. Uğur Yozgat Professor of Management and Organization Science Marmara University, Business Department Bahçelievler Campus Istanbul-Turkey Abstract The recent searches have revealed that the enterprises will catch the superior position against their competitors when specialized in line with their skills and focused on their core competencies. The importance of this topic in reaching to success of the enterprises operating in developing countries. Turkey is a country that is continuously monitored and has a great importance in developing countries in terms of both their own enterprises and foreign investors. This is one of the most important reasons that is underlying for the choice of Turkey among developing countries from our research. The aim of this study, from this point forth, has been carried out to determine perspectives on core skills of holdings that are among the largest firms of Turkey. And also how they assess the core skills and to what extent they sees as the exit point of focusing on core competencies especially in times of crisis. Some of these firms depend on a single holding company or business group. For this reason, the interviews have been conducted with holding which these firms are connected, after selection through random sampling between firms which are operating in different sectors. The interviews have been conducted with bosses or senior managers of enterprises on this subject and have been made face to face. The answers that are given to questions on the specified subject, have been subject to content analysis. However the subject that has great significance in theoretical studies, such as basic skills, carries a special significance and a character with the original in terms of reveal how and what results generated in its application. This research shed light on all of enterprises with all these aspects. Keywords: core competence, skill, organization, company, strategy, 1. Introduction The global competition makes it more difficult for enterprises to survive with each passing day. When adding of experienced financial crises on this negativity, standing up and catching the superior position of companies/enterprises in competition has been become almost impossible. The enterprises constantly seek a solution for experienced problems. Recently on this regard, one of the most effective methods of both cost reduction and turn the crisis into an opportunity for enterprises is to focus on core competencies. Many factors are undoubtedly effective in achieving to success of enterprises. Factors related to the business itself and opportunities and threats that offers environment in which, direct impact on success. One of the most important of these factors is the basic skill. The succeed of enterprises in developing countries is very difficult. In this study, has been tried to determine how the focus on basic skills of the successful enterprises in developing countries. In this research, the core competence is primarily discussed theoretically and then the results of research conducted with companies have been specified.
The Special Issue on Contemporary Research in Business and Economics © Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA
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1.1. Core competence
In today's environment that is experiencing rapid change and intense competition, the resources that enterprises have and to take part in activities to develop their skills in using these resources, have become mandatory to ensure their continuity (Hamel and Heene, 1990). The resources or capability of some enterprises may be less than its competitors. At this point, the element of core competences emerges. The concept of core competence has been come to the fore in order to protect the rule of the competitiveness of enterprises since the end of the 1970s and has been gained great importance with - giving prominence of capabilities - rethinking on this capabilities of enterprises in the 1990s (Prahalad, Hamel, 1990). The most powerful way to gain in global competition is still invisible for many companies. During the 1980’s, top executives were judged on their ability to restructure. In the 1990’s they judged on their ability to identify, cultivate and exploit the core competencies that make growth possible (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). The concept of core competency has received more attention by managers and decision makers (Javidan, 1998).The central message is for the core competence that companies should develop strategy and structure around their core competences (Nicolai and Dautwiz, 2010). The idea spread from core competencies to core everything—core processes, core businesses—everything that constituted the essence of what a company was and did. Management consultants encouraged companies to focus on their core as a source of untapped potential in a time of rapid change and unpredictability (The Economist, 2008).
Core competencies are highly valued by managers since, among other things, they underpin competitive advantage. One stream of research in this area has focused on practical processes relating to the identification of single and multiple core competencies. Yet, identification is insufficient for sustanining core competence derived competitive advantage, since a core competence needs continuous development (Ljungquist, 2007). The enterprise core competence is formed in the process of market competition. It cannot be borrowed from outside (Qingdong, 2009). To increase competitiveness of enterprise by top management and to develop a structure that will emerge to the core competence necessary for the organization are mandatory (Prahalad, 1993). The basic skills usually cover the high skill important activities of an enterprise that is the key to survive and is the center of strategies, at the enterprise level (Bakırtaş, Bakırtaş). The core competence is the most important value of an enterprise. The enterprises determine their direction in future according to the core competence of this enterprise. A connection mechanism must be between assets, resources, capabilities, competencies and core competencies. Core competence is an unique feature of the enterprise (Hafeez and Zhang, 2002). Competencies are integration of skills and technologies, providing superior customer value, deployable in multiple markets and rare among competitors. They also are not assets, as much as they are knowledge and skills. Competencies supply competitive advantage, but some sources of competitive advantages are not core competencies (e.g., access to scarce resources) (Hamel, Heene, 1994). They are the crown jewels of a company and, therefore, should be carefully nurtured and developed. Companies can determine their future business directions based on the strengths of competencies. However, because generalized terms such as resource, asset, capability, and competence are not clearly explained in connection with competence theory, these posing difficulties in understanding many contemporary management concepts (Hafeez, Zhang and Malak, 2002). Core competence can be defined as communication, involvement and a deep commitment to working across organizational boundaries to be assessed on the basis of three criteria: value to customers benefit, limited resources and competition opportunities. Of the company has made an outsourcing decision and transferred a part of the services, the ewecutives and the staff can accumulate more resaurces and pay more attention to the core competence (Gimzauskiene and Staliuniene, 2010). Core competence is the thing that some companies know how to do ―uniquely well‖ and that have the scope to provide them with a better than average degree of success over the long term. (Gallon, Stillman and Coates, 1999). It refers to knowledge and skills which bear an indispensable qualification (Dinçer,1998). The service sector is closely related to all activities of the economy. Core competence, at this point, means the presentation of technology, knowledge and networks in conjunction with each other in order to provide for customer. The core competence shall be identified as the focal point while developing the creative potential for innovation and in the customer-focused market is to think behalf of the customer (Kamdamuly,2004). The core competence constitute consistent assets, knowledge, skills and knowledge of organizational culture that will enable them to achieve a competitive advantage of an enterprises in a specific market.
International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 6; [Special Issue -March 2012]
27
While, the core competence that develop in the competitiveness process by enterprises, are unique and intangible assets, resulting products of this authorization may be imitated. The provision of core competence is often limited. The core competence can not be exchanged and also are valuable assets when they used for any process (Onyeiwu,2003). Core competences are confused with capabilities. Capability is crucial for survival but, unlike a core competency, does not confer any specific differential advantage over other competitors (Prahalad, 1993). Core competences are associated and in a hierarchical structure with abilities, skills, and abilities. The core capabilities of enterprises should be able to distinguish between the capabilities and skills. For example, if an administrator mentions 40-50 abilities for core capabilities of medium-sized enterprise, he refer to ''many other capabilities than ''core skills
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International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 6; [Special Issue -March 2012]25The Assessment of Viewpoint to Core Competence Understanding of Successful Companies in Developing Countries (The Case Study of Turkey) Dr. Fatma Ayanoğlu Şişman Lecturer of Management and Organization Science Marmara University, Business Department Bahçelievler Campus Istanbul-Turkey Dr. Nilay Gemlik Assistant Professor of Healt Management Marmara University, Health Science Faculty Istanbul-Turkey Prof. Dr. Uğur Yozgat Professor of Management and Organization Science Marmara University, Business Department Bahçelievler Campus Istanbul-Turkey Abstract The recent searches have revealed that the enterprises will catch the superior position against their competitors when specialized in line with their skills and focused on their core competencies. The importance of this topic in reaching to success of the enterprises operating in developing countries. Turkey is a country that is continuously monitored and has a great importance in developing countries in terms of both their own enterprises and foreign investors. This is one of the most important reasons that is underlying for the choice of Turkey among developing countries from our research. The aim of this study, from this point forth, has been carried out to determine perspectives on core skills of holdings that are among the largest firms of Turkey. And also how they assess the core skills and to what extent they sees as the exit point of focusing on core competencies especially in times of crisis. Some of these firms depend on a single holding company or business group. For this reason, the interviews have been conducted with holding which these firms are connected, after selection through random sampling between firms which are operating in different sectors. The interviews have been conducted with bosses or senior managers of enterprises on this subject and have been made face to face. The answers that are given to questions on the specified subject, have been subject to content analysis. However the subject that has great significance in theoretical studies, such as basic skills, carries a special significance and a character with the original in terms of reveal how and what results generated in its application. This research shed light on all of enterprises with all these aspects. Keywords: core competence, skill, organization, company, strategy, 1. Introduction The global competition makes it more difficult for enterprises to survive with each passing day. When adding of experienced financial crises on this negativity, standing up and catching the superior position of companies/enterprises in competition has been become almost impossible. The enterprises constantly seek a solution for experienced problems. Recently on this regard, one of the most effective methods of both cost reduction and turn the crisis into an opportunity for enterprises is to focus on core competencies. Many factors are undoubtedly effective in achieving to success of enterprises. Factors related to the business itself and opportunities and threats that offers environment in which, direct impact on success. One of the most important of these factors is the basic skill. The succeed of enterprises in developing countries is very difficult. In this study, has been tried to determine how the focus on basic skills of the successful enterprises in developing countries. In this research, the core competence is primarily discussed theoretically and then the results of research conducted with companies have been specified.The Special Issue on Contemporary Research in Business and Economics © Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA261.1. Core competenceIn today's environment that is experiencing rapid change and intense competition, the resources that enterprises have and to take part in activities to develop their skills in using these resources, have become mandatory to ensure their continuity (Hamel and Heene, 1990). The resources or capability of some enterprises may be less than its competitors. At this point, the element of core competences emerges. The concept of core competence has been come to the fore in order to protect the rule of the competitiveness of enterprises since the end of the 1970s and has been gained great importance with - giving prominence of capabilities - rethinking on this capabilities of enterprises in the 1990s (Prahalad, Hamel, 1990). The most powerful way to gain in global competition is still invisible for many companies. During the 1980’s, top executives were judged on their ability to restructure. In the 1990’s they judged on their ability to identify, cultivate and exploit the core competencies that make growth possible (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). The concept of core competency has received more attention by managers and decision makers (Javidan, 1998).The central message is for the core competence that companies should develop strategy and structure around their core competences (Nicolai and Dautwiz, 2010). The idea spread from core competencies to core everything—core processes, core businesses—everything that constituted the essence of what a company was and did. Management consultants encouraged companies to focus on their core as a source of untapped potential in a time of rapid change and unpredictability (The Economist, 2008).Core competencies are highly valued by managers since, among other things, they underpin competitive advantage. One stream of research in this area has focused on practical processes relating to the identification of single and multiple core competencies. Yet, identification is insufficient for sustanining core competence derived competitive advantage, since a core competence needs continuous development (Ljungquist, 2007). The enterprise core competence is formed in the process of market competition. It cannot be borrowed from outside (Qingdong, 2009). To increase competitiveness of enterprise by top management and to develop a structure that will emerge to the core competence necessary for the organization are mandatory (Prahalad, 1993). The basic skills usually cover the high skill important activities of an enterprise that is the key to survive and is the center of strategies, at the enterprise level (Bakırtaş, Bakırtaş). The core competence is the most important value of an enterprise. The enterprises determine their direction in future according to the core competence of this enterprise. A connection mechanism must be between assets, resources, capabilities, competencies and core competencies. Core competence is an unique feature of the enterprise (Hafeez and Zhang, 2002). Competencies are integration of skills and technologies, providing superior customer value, deployable in multiple markets and rare among competitors. They also are not assets, as much as they are knowledge and skills. Competencies supply competitive advantage, but some sources of competitive advantages are not core competencies (e.g., access to scarce resources) (Hamel, Heene, 1994). They are the crown jewels of a company and, therefore, should be carefully nurtured and developed. Companies can determine their future business directions based on the strengths of competencies. However, because generalized terms such as resource, asset, capability, and competence are not clearly explained in connection with competence theory, these posing difficulties in understanding many contemporary management concepts (Hafeez, Zhang and Malak, 2002). Core competence can be defined as communication, involvement and a deep commitment to working across organizational boundaries to be assessed on the basis of three criteria: value to customers benefit, limited resources and competition opportunities. Of the company has made an outsourcing decision and transferred a part of the services, the ewecutives and the staff can accumulate more resaurces and pay more attention to the core competence (Gimzauskiene and Staliuniene, 2010). Core competence is the thing that some companies know how to do ―uniquely well‖ and that have the scope to provide them with a better than average degree of success over the long term. (Gallon, Stillman and Coates, 1999). It refers to knowledge and skills which bear an indispensable qualification (Dinçer,1998). The service sector is closely related to all activities of the economy. Core competence, at this point, means the presentation of technology, knowledge and networks in conjunction with each other in order to provide for customer. The core competence shall be identified as the focal point while developing the creative potential for innovation and in the customer-focused market is to think behalf of the customer (Kamdamuly,2004). The core competence constitute consistent assets, knowledge, skills and knowledge of organizational culture that will enable them to achieve a competitive advantage of an enterprises in a specific market.
International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 6; [Special Issue -March 2012]
27
While, the core competence that develop in the competitiveness process by enterprises, are unique and intangible assets, resulting products of this authorization may be imitated. The provision of core competence is often limited. The core competence can not be exchanged and also are valuable assets when they used for any process (Onyeiwu,2003). Core competences are confused with capabilities. Capability is crucial for survival but, unlike a core competency, does not confer any specific differential advantage over other competitors (Prahalad, 1993). Core competences are associated and in a hierarchical structure with abilities, skills, and abilities. The core capabilities of enterprises should be able to distinguish between the capabilities and skills. For example, if an administrator mentions 40-50 abilities for core capabilities of medium-sized enterprise, he refer to ''many other capabilities than ''core skills
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International Journal of Business dan Ilmu Sosial Vol. 3 No 6; [Edisi Khusus -Maret 2012]
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The Penilaian Viewpoint ke Core Competence Pemahaman Perusahaan Sukses di Negara Berkembang (Studi Kasus Turki) Dr Fatma Ayanoğlu şişman Dosen Manajemen dan Organisasi Ilmu Marmara University, Departemen Bisnis Bahçelievler Kampus Istanbul-Turkey Dr Nilay Gemlik Asisten Profesor Healt Manajemen Marmara University, Ilmu Kesehatan Fakultas Istanbul-Turki Prof. Dr. Uğur Yozgat Profesor Manajemen dan Organisasi Ilmu Marmara University, Departemen Bisnis Bahçelievler Kampus Istanbul-Turki Abstrak pencarian terbaru telah mengungkapkan bahwa perusahaan akan menangkap posisi unggul terhadap pesaing mereka saat khusus sesuai dengan keterampilan mereka dan fokus pada kompetensi inti mereka. Pentingnya topik ini dalam mencapai keberhasilan dari perusahaan yang beroperasi di negara-negara berkembang. Turki adalah negara yang terus dipantau dan memiliki kepentingan yang besar di negara-negara berkembang baik dari segi usaha mereka sendiri dan investor asing. Ini adalah salah satu alasan paling penting yang mendasari untuk pilihan Turki antara negara-negara berkembang dari penelitian kami. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, dari titik balik ini, telah dilakukan untuk menentukan perspektif pada keterampilan inti kepemilikan yang berada di antara perusahaan terbesar Turki. Dan juga bagaimana mereka menilai keterampilan inti dan sejauh mana mereka lihat sebagai titik keluar dari fokus pada kompetensi inti terutama di saat krisis. Beberapa perusahaan-perusahaan ini bergantung pada sebuah perusahaan atau bisnis memegang kelompok tunggal. Untuk alasan ini, wawancara telah dilakukan dengan holding yang perusahaan-perusahaan ini terhubung, seleksi melalui random sampling antara perusahaan yang beroperasi di berbagai sektor. Wawancara telah dilakukan dengan bos atau manajer senior dari perusahaan tentang hal ini dan telah dilakukan tatap muka. Jawaban yang diberikan kepada pertanyaan tentang masalah tertentu, telah dikenakan analisis isi. Namun subjek yang memiliki arti besar dalam studi teoritis, seperti keterampilan dasar, membawa makna khusus dan karakter dengan aslinya dalam hal mengungkapkan bagaimana dan apa hasil yang dihasilkan dalam penerapannya. Penelitian ini menjelaskan semua perusahaan dengan semua aspek ini. Kata kunci: kompetensi inti, keterampilan, organisasi, perusahaan, strategi, 1. Pendahuluan persaingan global membuat lebih sulit bagi perusahaan untuk bertahan hidup dengan melewati setiap hari. Ketika menambahkan krisis keuangan yang berpengalaman di negatif ini, berdiri dan menangkap posisi superior perusahaan / perusahaan dalam kompetisi telah menjadi hampir mustahil. Perusahaan terus-menerus mencari solusi untuk masalah yang berpengalaman. Baru-baru ini pada hal ini, salah satu metode yang paling efektif dari kedua pengurangan biaya dan mengubah krisis menjadi peluang bagi perusahaan adalah untuk fokus pada kompetensi inti. Banyak faktor yang tidak diragukan lagi efektif dalam mencapai keberhasilan perusahaan. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan bisnis itu sendiri dan peluang dan ancaman yang menawarkan lingkungan di mana, dampak langsung pada kesuksesan. Salah satu yang paling penting dari faktor-faktor ini adalah keterampilan dasar. Keberhasilan perusahaan di negara berkembang sangat sulit. Dalam penelitian ini, telah mencoba untuk menentukan bagaimana fokus pada keterampilan dasar dari perusahaan yang sukses di negara-negara berkembang. Dalam penelitian ini, kompetensi inti terutama dibahas secara teoritis dan kemudian hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan perusahaan telah ditetapkan.
The Edisi Khusus tentang Penelitian Kontemporer dalam Bisnis dan Ekonomi © Pusat untuk Mempromosikan Situs, USA
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1.1. Kompetensi inti
Dalam lingkungan saat ini yang mengalami perubahan yang cepat dan persaingan yang ketat, sumber daya yang perusahaan miliki dan untuk mengambil bagian dalam kegiatan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan mereka dalam menggunakan sumber daya ini, telah menjadi wajib untuk menjamin kelangsungan mereka (Hamel dan Heene, 1990). Sumber daya atau kemampuan beberapa perusahaan mungkin kurang dibandingkan pesaingnya. Pada titik ini, unsur kompetensi inti muncul. Konsep kompetensi inti telah datang ke permukaan untuk melindungi aturan saing perusahaan sejak akhir 1970-an dan telah memperoleh penting dengan - memberikan keunggulan kemampuan - memikirkan kembali hal ini kemampuan perusahaan dalam tahun 1990-an (Prahalad, Hamel, 1990). Cara yang paling ampuh untuk mendapatkan dalam persaingan global masih terlihat bagi banyak perusahaan. Selama tahun 1980-an, eksekutif puncak dinilai berdasarkan kemampuan mereka untuk merestrukturisasi. Pada tahun 1990 mereka dinilai berdasarkan kemampuan mereka untuk mengidentifikasi, mengolah dan memanfaatkan kompetensi inti yang membuat pertumbuhan mungkin (Prahalad dan Hamel, 1990). Konsep kompetensi inti telah menerima perhatian lebih oleh para manajer dan pengambil keputusan (Javidan, 1998) .suatu pesan sentral untuk kompetensi inti bahwa perusahaan-perusahaan harus mengembangkan strategi dan struktur di sekitar kompetensi inti mereka (Nicolai dan Dautwiz, 2010). Ide menyebar dari kompetensi inti untuk proses segala-core inti, inti bisnis-segala sesuatu yang merupakan esensi dari apa yang perusahaan itu dan melakukan. Konsultan manajemen mendorong perusahaan untuk fokus pada inti mereka sebagai sumber potensi yang belum dimanfaatkan di masa perubahan yang cepat dan ketidakpastian (The Economist, 2008).
Kompetensi inti sangat dihargai oleh manajer sejak, antara lain, mereka mendukung keunggulan kompetitif. Satu aliran dari penelitian di bidang ini telah difokuskan pada proses praktis yang berkaitan dengan identifikasi kompetensi inti tunggal dan ganda. Namun, identifikasi tidak cukup untuk sustanining kompetensi inti berasal keunggulan kompetitif, karena kompetensi inti kebutuhan pembangunan berkelanjutan (Ljungquist, 2007). Kompetensi inti perusahaan terbentuk dalam proses persaingan pasar. Hal ini tidak dapat dipinjam dari luar (Qingdong, 2009). Untuk meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan dengan manajemen puncak dan untuk mengembangkan struktur yang akan muncul untuk kompetensi inti yang diperlukan untuk organisasi yang wajib (Prahalad, 1993). Keterampilan dasar biasanya mencakup kegiatan penting keterampilan tinggi suatu perusahaan yang merupakan kunci untuk bertahan hidup dan merupakan pusat strategi, di tingkat perusahaan (Bakırtaş, Bakırtaş). Kompetensi inti adalah nilai yang paling penting dari suatu perusahaan. Perusahaan menentukan arah mereka di masa sesuai dengan kompetensi inti perusahaan ini. Sebuah mekanisme koneksi harus antara aset, sumber daya, kemampuan, kompetensi dan kompetensi inti. Kompetensi inti adalah fitur unik dari perusahaan (Hafeez dan Zhang, 2002). Kompetensi adalah integrasi keterampilan dan teknologi, memberikan nilai pelanggan yang unggul, deployable di beberapa pasar dan langka di antara pesaing. Mereka juga tidak aset, sebanyak mereka pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Kompetensi menyediakan keunggulan kompetitif, namun beberapa sumber keunggulan kompetitif yang tidak kompetensi inti (misalnya akses ke sumber daya yang langka) (Hamel, Heene, 1994). Mereka adalah permata mahkota dari perusahaan dan, oleh karena itu, harus hati-hati dipelihara dan dikembangkan menjadi. Perusahaan dapat menentukan arah bisnis masa depan mereka berdasarkan pada kekuatan kompetensi. Namun, karena istilah umum seperti sumber daya, aset, kemampuan, dan kompetensi tidak jelas dijelaskan dalam kaitannya dengan teori kompetensi, kesulitan-kesulitan berpose dalam memahami konsep-konsep manajemen kontemporer (Hafeez, Zhang dan Malak, 2002). Kompetensi inti dapat didefinisikan sebagai komunikasi, keterlibatan dan komitmen yang mendalam untuk bekerja melintasi batas-batas organisasi yang akan dinilai berdasarkan tiga kriteria: nilai kepada pelanggan mendapatkan keuntungan, sumber daya yang terbatas dan peluang kompetisi. Dari perusahaan telah membuat sebuah keputusan outsourcing dan ditransfer bagian dari layanan, yang ewecutives dan staf dapat mengumpulkan lebih resaurces dan lebih memperhatikan kompetensi inti (Gimzauskiene dan Staliuniene, 2010). Kompetensi inti adalah hal bahwa beberapa perusahaan tahu bagaimana melakukan -uniquely well‖ dan yang memiliki ruang lingkup untuk menyediakan mereka dengan lebih baik daripada tingkat rata-rata keberhasilan dalam jangka panjang. (Gallon, Stillman dan Coates, 1999). Hal ini mengacu pada pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang menanggung kualifikasi sangat diperlukan (Dincer, 1998). Sektor jasa berkaitan erat dengan semua kegiatan ekonomi. Kompetensi inti, pada titik ini, berarti presentasi teknologi, pengetahuan dan jaringan dalam hubungannya dengan satu sama lain dalam rangka untuk menyediakan pelanggan. Kompetensi inti harus diidentifikasi sebagai titik fokus saat mengembangkan potensi kreatif untuk inovasi dan di pasar berfokus pada pelanggan adalah berpikir nama pelanggan (Kamdamuly, 2004). Kompetensi inti merupakan aset yang konsisten, pengetahuan, keterampilan dan pengetahuan budaya organisasi yang akan memungkinkan mereka untuk mencapai keunggulan kompetitif dari perusahaan dalam pasar tertentu.
International Journal of Business dan Ilmu Sosial Vol. 3 No 6; [Edisi Khusus -Maret 2012]
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Sementara, kompetensi inti yang berkembang dalam proses daya saing dengan perusahaan, adalah aset yang unik dan tidak berwujud, sehingga produk otorisasi ini dapat ditiru. Penyediaan kompetensi inti sering terbatas. Kompetensi inti tidak dapat ditukar dan juga merupakan aset berharga ketika mereka digunakan untuk setiap proses (Onyeiwu, 2003). Kompetensi inti bingung dengan kemampuan. Kemampuan sangat penting untuk kelangsungan hidup tetapi, tidak seperti kompetensi inti, tidak memberi keuntungan apapun diferensial tertentu atas pesaing lainnya (Prahalad, 1993). Kompetensi inti yang terkait dan dalam struktur hirarki dengan kemampuan, keterampilan, dan kemampuan. Kemampuan inti perusahaan harus dapat membedakan antara kemampuan dan keterampilan. Sebagai contoh, jika seorang administrator menyebutkan 40-50 kemampuan untuk kemampuan inti dari perusahaan menengah, ia menyebut '' banyak kemampuan selain '' keterampilan inti
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