What Is Surrealism?Surrealism in li

What Is Surrealism?
Surrealism in literature can be defined as an artistic attempt to bridge together reality and the
imagination. Surrealists seek to overcome the contradictions of the conscious and unconscious minds
by creating unreal or bizarre stories full of juxtapositions.
Founded by André Breton (1896-1966), surrealism began as an artistic movement in Paris in the 1920s
and lasted until the 1940s. Writer and philosopher Breton propelled this movement with his
publication of The Manifesto of Surrealism, as a way of fighting against the way art was understood at
the time.
With the horrors of World War I still in Europe's wake, art had become controlled by politics. It came to
be used as a way of maintaining order and keeping the revolution at bay. However, surrealists wanted
to break free from the constraints being posed on art and to do so in an extreme, yet positive way.
Though they fought against political control, the movement's goal was not political in nature.
Surrealism sought to free people spiritually and psychologically. These artists and writers wanted to
repair the damage done by WWI. Unfortunately, World War II was on the brink, and such a movement
made the surrealists a target. During the rise of Nazism and Fascism, many surrealists were forced to
seek haven in America. Fortunately, for American culture, their ideas began affecting changes in the
States as well.
While the movement itself may have ended, surrealism still exists in much of today's literature. Using
surrealist imagery, ideas, or poetic techniques, writers attempt to stretch the boundaries, free the
mind, and make readers think.
Characteristics in Literature
Surrealism is meant to be strange and shocking. It is meant to push the envelope in a way that forces
people out of their comfortable ideas, so much so that it has even been known to cause riots. While the
idea of surrealism is complex, surrealist literature does have common characteristics.
Surrealist literature will have contrasting images or ideas. This technique is used to help readers make
new connections and expand the reader's reality, or rather the reader's idea of what reality is. They
pull from Freudian ideas of free association as a way to steer readers away from societal influence and
open up the individual's mind.
Surrealism will use images and metaphors to compel the reader to think deeper and reveal
subconscious meaning. Instead of relying on plot, surrealist writers instead focus on the characters,
discovery, and imagery to force readers to dig into their unconscious and analyze what they find.
Surrealism also uses poetic styles to create dreamlike and fantastic stories that often defy logic.
Rather than incorporate the normal prosaic structure like linear plots and structured settings,
surrealism uses poetic techniques, like leaps in thinking (free association), abstract ideas, and
nonlinear timelines.
Literary Examples
Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898) was a French poet known for his obscure and surreal writing style.
One collection of poetry, Les Poésies de S. Mallarmé, is known to have inspired and pushed the
surrealist movement forward.

Hasil (Melayu) 1:

What Is Surrealism?Surrealism in literature can be defined as an artistic attempt to bridge together reality and theimagination. Surrealists seek to overcome the contradictions of the conscious and unconscious mindsby creating unreal or bizarre stories full of juxtapositions.Founded by André Breton (1896-1966), surrealism began as an artistic movement in Paris in the 1920sand lasted until the 1940s. Writer and philosopher Breton propelled this movement with hispublication of The Manifesto of Surrealism, as a way of fighting against the way art was understood atthe time.With the horrors of World War I still in Europe's wake, art had become controlled by politics. It came tobe used as a way of maintaining order and keeping the revolution at bay. However, surrealists wantedto break free from the constraints being posed on art and to do so in an extreme, yet positive way.Though they fought against political control, the movement's goal was not political in nature.Surrealism sought to free people spiritually and psychologically. These artists and writers wanted torepair the damage done by WWI. Unfortunately, World War II was on the brink, and such a movementmade the surrealists a target. During the rise of Nazism and Fascism, many surrealists were forced toseek haven in America. Fortunately, for American culture, their ideas began affecting changes in theStates as well.While the movement itself may have ended, surrealism still exists in much of today's literature. Usingsurrealist imagery, ideas, or poetic techniques, writers attempt to stretch the boundaries, free themind, and make readers think.Characteristics in LiteratureSurrealism is meant to be strange and shocking. It is meant to push the envelope in a way that forcespeople out of their comfortable ideas, so much so that it has even been known to cause riots. While theidea of surrealism is complex, surrealist literature does have common characteristics.Surrealist literature will have contrasting images or ideas. This technique is used to help readers makenew connections and expand the reader's reality, or rather the reader's idea of what reality is. Theypull from Freudian ideas of free association as a way to steer readers away from societal influence andopen up the individual's mind.Surrealism will use images and metaphors to compel the reader to think deeper and revealsubconscious meaning. Instead of relying on plot, surrealist writers instead focus on the characters,discovery, and imagery to force readers to dig into their unconscious and analyze what they find.Surrealism also uses poetic styles to create dreamlike and fantastic stories that often defy logic.Rather than incorporate the normal prosaic structure like linear plots and structured settings,surrealism uses poetic techniques, like leaps in thinking (free association), abstract ideas, andnonlinear timelines.Literary ExamplesStéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898) adalah seorang penyair Perancis dikenali kerana beliau kabur dan surreal menulis gaya.Satu koleksi puisi, Les Poésies de S. Mallarmé, adalah diketahui telah memberikan inspirasi kepada dan ditolak dalambaktırıyor pergerakan ke hadapan.

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Apa surrealisme?
Surrealisme dalam kesusasteraan boleh ditakrifkan sebagai satu percubaan seni untuk menghubungkan realiti dan
imaginasi. Surrealists berusaha untuk mengatasi percanggahan daripada minda sedar dan tidak sedar
dengan mencipta cerita tidak benar atau pelik penuh juxtapositions.
Diasaskan oleh André Breton (1896-1966), surrealisme yang bermula sebagai gerakan seni di Paris pada tahun 1920-an
dan bertahan sehingga tahun 1940-an. Penulis dan ahli falsafah Breton mendorong gerakan ini dengan beliau
penerbitan The Manifesto surrealisme, sebagai satu cara menentang cara seni itu difahami pada
masa itu.
Dengan kengerian Perang Dunia I masih di belakangnya Eropah, seni telah menjadi dikuasai oleh politik. Ia datang untuk
digunakan sebagai satu cara untuk mengekalkan ketenteraman dan menjaga revolusi di teluk. Walau bagaimanapun, fahaman surealisme mahu
membebaskan diri daripada kekangan yang ditimbulkan mengenai seni dan untuk berbuat demikian dengan cara yang melampau, namun positif.
Walaupun mereka berperang melawan kawalan politik, matlamat pergerakan itu tidak bersifat politik.
Surrealisme berusaha untuk orang yang bebas rohani dan psikologi . Ini artis dan penulis mahu
membaiki kerosakan yang dilakukan oleh Perang Dunia I. Malangnya, Perang Dunia II di ambang, dan pergerakan seperti itu
menjadikan fahaman surealisme sasaran. Semasa kebangkitan Nazisme dan Fasisme, banyak fahaman surealisme terpaksa
mendapatkan syurga di Amerika. Mujurlah, dengan budaya Amerika, idea-idea mereka mula memberi kesan perubahan dalam
Syarikat juga.
Walaupun pergerakan itu sendiri mungkin telah berakhir, surrealisme masih wujud di banyak sastera hari ini. Menggunakan
imej surealis, idea, atau teknik yang puitis, penulis cuba untuk meregangkan sempadan, membebaskan
fikiran, dan membuat pembaca berfikir.
Ciri-ciri dalam Kesusasteraan
surrealisme yang dimaksudkan untuk menjadi aneh dan mengejutkan. Ia bertujuan untuk menolak sampul surat dengan cara yang memaksa
orang daripada idea-idea mereka yang selesa, sehinggakan bahawa ia telah walaupun telah diketahui menyebabkan rusuhan. Walaupun
idea surealisme adalah kompleks, sastera surealis tidak mempunyai ciri-ciri yang sama.
Kesusasteraan Surrealist akan berbeza imej atau idea. Teknik ini digunakan untuk membantu pembaca membuat
sambungan baru dan mengembangkan realiti pembaca, atau sebaliknya idea pembaca apa yang realiti. Mereka
tarik dari idea Freud persatuan bebas sebagai satu cara untuk memandu pembaca jauh dari pengaruh masyarakat dan
membuka minda individu.
Surrealisme akan menggunakan imej dan metafora untuk memaksa pembaca untuk berfikir lebih mendalam dan mendedahkan
makna bawah sedar. Bukannya bergantung kepada plot, penulis surealis sebaliknya memberi tumpuan kepada watak-watak,
penemuan, dan imej untuk memaksa pembaca untuk menggali ke dalam tidak sedarkan diri mereka dan menganalisis apa yang mereka mencari.
Surrealisme juga menggunakan gaya syair untuk membuat cerita-cerita mimpi dan hebat yang sering menentang logik.
Daripada menggabungkan struktur membosankan biasa seperti plot linear dan tetapan berstruktur,
surrealisme menggunakan teknik syair, seperti lompatan dalam pemikiran (Persatuan percuma), idea-idea abstrak, dan
garis masa linear.
Contoh Literary
Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898) adalah seorang penyair Perancis terkenal dengan kabur beliau dan gaya penulisan di luar realiti.
Satu koleksi puisi, Les Poésies de S. Mallarmé, diketahui telah memberikan inspirasi dan menolak
gerakan surealis ke hadapan.