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In Panel B we report the number of firm observations by year. The number of firms in our sample increases considerably throughout the 1990s, reaches a peak in 2001, and generally declines thereafter. These numbers appear to reflect the booming stock market during the 1990s, followed by the post-bubble bust around the turn of the century.In Panel C we present the distribution of firms across industries. More than half of the firms belong to the manufacturing industry. Besides manufacturing, five other industries have a sample size above 5,000 observations;construction (5,392), wholesale trade (7,344), retail trade(7,561), information (8,344), and professional, scientific,and technical services (5,925). The only industry with less than 300 observations is the management of companies and enterprises category with 89 firm-years.In Panel D we report the distribution of firms across countries. There are 34 civil law countries and 18 common law countries in our sample. Consistent with La Porta,Lopez-de-Silanes, Shleifer, and Vishny (2000), firms in common law countries are more likely to pay dividends than firms in civil law countries (78.82% versus 68.55%,respectively). Similarly, firms in common law countries pay larger dividends than firms in civil law countries(2.22% versus 1.53% of sales, respectively). We also note that over half of our sample firm-years are from three countries: US (38,684), Japan (23,044), and the UK(10,367). This skewness is present in most international studies regardless of the data vendor.We show that our results are unaffected by the disproportionate presence of US, Japanese, and UK firms in a subsequent section.The results in Panel D highlight the issue raised in our introduction. Australia, the UK, and Canada are all
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