V Why Study Ethics?Why should an accountant get involved in this study terjemahan - V Why Study Ethics?Why should an accountant get involved in this study Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

V Why Study Ethics?Why should an ac

V Why Study Ethics?

Why should an accountant get involved in this study of ethics? Surely, every accountant already has a set of moral beliefs that he or she follows. Even so, there are several reasons for studying ethics:

• First, some moral beliefs an individual holds may not suffice because they are simple beliefs about complex issues. The study of ethics can help the individual sort out these complex issues by seeing what principles operate in those cases.

• Second, in some situations, because of conflicting ethical principles, it may be difficult to determine what to do. In these cases, ethical reasoning can provide insights into how to adjudicate between conflicting principles and can show why certain courses of action are more desirable than others. The study of ethics can help develop ethical reasoning skills.

• Third, individuals may hold some inadequate beliefs or cling to inadequate values. Subjecting those beliefs or values to critical ethical analysis may show their inadequacy. Let’s look at a few examples:

(a) At one time, you probably thought certain things were wrong that you now think are okay, and you thought certain things were okay that now seem wrong. In short, you changed your mind about some of your ethical beliefs. Some time ago, for example, many managers believed that it was acceptable to fire someone for little or no justifi-able reason. After ethical reflection and examination – which encour-ages us to become more knowledgeable and conscientious in moral matters – that practice now seems questionable. Although managers have an obligation to stockholders not to retain unneeded employees, don’t the managers have some obligation to those who are fired?

(b) In the past, the principle caveat emptor – “Let the buyer beware” – was an acceptable practice. Now, it is generally believed, in many cases, that the manufacturer has the obligation to inform the buyer of potentially harmful defects. Caveat emptor has become caveat vendor – “Let the seller beware.”

(c) Years ago, accountants thought it unacceptable to advertise. Today, it is a justifiable practice. It also used to be an accepted belief that an ac-counting firm fulfills the letter of the law simply by following gener-ally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Upon ethical reflection, however, does the firm have an ethical obligation to encourage more realistic financial pictures, even if it means going beyond GAAP?

• A fourth and very important reason to study ethics is to understand wheth-er and why our opinions are worth holding. Socrates philosophized that the unexamined life is not worth living. Have you examined your life? As an accountant, what are your basic goals? Are they compatible with other values that you have? If you need to choose between keeping a job and violating your professional responsibilities, what would you do? When your responsibility to family clashes with your responsibility to your job, how do you resolve the conflict?

• A final reason for studying ethics is to identify the basic ethical principles that can be applied to action. These principles should enable you to de-termine what should be done and to understand why. When you are faced with a decision about what to do in a difficult situation, it is helpful to have a checklist of basic questions or considerations you can apply to help determine what the outcome should be. In engineering, we must learn the principles of construction so that we can apply them to certain activities. In accounting, we must learn the principles of accounting so that we can apply them to specific situations. So, too, in ethics, we must learn the principles of ethics, which govern human behavior, so that we can apply them to the difficult ethical situations we face. Thereby, we can ensure that we have examined the issue adequately, using all the ethical principles available.

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V Why Study Ethics?Why should an accountant get involved in this study of ethics? Surely, every accountant already has a set of moral beliefs that he or she follows. Even so, there are several reasons for studying ethics:• First, some moral beliefs an individual holds may not suffice because they are simple beliefs about complex issues. The study of ethics can help the individual sort out these complex issues by seeing what principles operate in those cases. • Second, in some situations, because of conflicting ethical principles, it may be difficult to determine what to do. In these cases, ethical reasoning can provide insights into how to adjudicate between conflicting principles and can show why certain courses of action are more desirable than others. The study of ethics can help develop ethical reasoning skills.• Third, individuals may hold some inadequate beliefs or cling to inadequate values. Subjecting those beliefs or values to critical ethical analysis may show their inadequacy. Let’s look at a few examples: (a) At one time, you probably thought certain things were wrong that you now think are okay, and you thought certain things were okay that now seem wrong. In short, you changed your mind about some of your ethical beliefs. Some time ago, for example, many managers believed that it was acceptable to fire someone for little or no justifi-able reason. After ethical reflection and examination – which encour-ages us to become more knowledgeable and conscientious in moral matters – that practice now seems questionable. Although managers have an obligation to stockholders not to retain unneeded employees, don’t the managers have some obligation to those who are fired? (b) In the past, the principle caveat emptor – “Let the buyer beware” – was an acceptable practice. Now, it is generally believed, in many cases, that the manufacturer has the obligation to inform the buyer of potentially harmful defects. Caveat emptor has become caveat vendor – “Let the seller beware.” (c) Years ago, accountants thought it unacceptable to advertise. Today, it is a justifiable practice. It also used to be an accepted belief that an ac-counting firm fulfills the letter of the law simply by following gener-ally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Upon ethical reflection, however, does the firm have an ethical obligation to encourage more realistic financial pictures, even if it means going beyond GAAP? • A fourth and very important reason to study ethics is to understand wheth-er and why our opinions are worth holding. Socrates philosophized that the unexamined life is not worth living. Have you examined your life? As an accountant, what are your basic goals? Are they compatible with other values that you have? If you need to choose between keeping a job and violating your professional responsibilities, what would you do? When your responsibility to family clashes with your responsibility to your job, how do you resolve the conflict? • A final reason for studying ethics is to identify the basic ethical principles that can be applied to action. These principles should enable you to de-termine what should be done and to understand why. When you are faced with a decision about what to do in a difficult situation, it is helpful to have a checklist of basic questions or considerations you can apply to help determine what the outcome should be. In engineering, we must learn the principles of construction so that we can apply them to certain activities. In accounting, we must learn the principles of accounting so that we can apply them to specific situations. So, too, in ethics, we must learn the principles of ethics, which govern human behavior, so that we can apply them to the difficult ethical situations we face. Thereby, we can ensure that we have examined the issue adequately, using all the ethical principles available.
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Etika Studi V Mengapa? Mengapa seorang akuntan terlibat dalam penelitian ini etika? Tentunya, setiap akuntan sudah memiliki seperangkat keyakinan moral yang ia berikut. Meski begitu, ada beberapa alasan untuk mempelajari etika: • Pertama, beberapa keyakinan moral yang seorang individu memegang mungkin tidak cukup karena mereka keyakinan sederhana tentang isu-isu kompleks. Studi tentang etika dapat membantu semacam individu keluar isu-isu kompleks dengan melihat apa prinsip-prinsip beroperasi di kasus-kasus. • Kedua, dalam beberapa situasi, karena prinsip-prinsip etika yang saling bertentangan, mungkin sulit untuk menentukan apa yang harus dilakukan. Dalam kasus ini, pertimbangan etis dapat memberikan wawasan ke dalam bagaimana untuk mengadili antara prinsip-prinsip yang saling bertentangan dan dapat menunjukkan mengapa program tertentu tindakan yang lebih diinginkan daripada yang lain. Studi tentang etika dapat membantu mengembangkan keterampilan penalaran etis. • Ketiga, individu mungkin memegang beberapa keyakinan memadai atau melekat pada nilai-nilai yang tidak memadai. Menundukkan keyakinan atau nilai-nilai analisis etika kritis mungkin menunjukkan ketidakmampuan mereka. Mari kita lihat beberapa contoh: (a) Pada suatu waktu, Anda mungkin berpikir hal-hal tertentu yang salah bahwa Anda sekarang berpikir baik-baik saja, dan Anda berpikir hal-hal tertentu baik-baik saja sekarang tampaknya salah. Singkatnya, Anda berubah pikiran tentang beberapa keyakinan etis Anda. Beberapa waktu lalu, misalnya, banyak manajer percaya bahwa itu dapat diterima untuk memecat seseorang untuk sedikit atau tidak ada alasan justifi-mampu. Setelah refleksi etis dan pemeriksaan - yang encour-usia kita untuk menjadi lebih berpengetahuan dan teliti dalam masalah moral yang - praktek yang sekarang tampaknya dipertanyakan. Meskipun manajer memiliki kewajiban kepada pemegang saham untuk tidak mempertahankan karyawan yang tidak diperlukan, tidak manajer memiliki beberapa kewajiban untuk mereka yang dipecat? (B) Di masa lalu, prinsip caveat emptor - "Biarkan pembeli berhati-hati" - adalah praktek yang dapat diterima . Sekarang, umumnya diyakini, dalam banyak kasus, bahwa produsen memiliki kewajiban untuk menginformasikan pembeli dari cacat yang berpotensi membahayakan. Caveat peringatan telah menjadi peringatan penjual - ". Biarkan penjual berhati-hatilah" (c) Tahun lalu, akuntan pikir itu tidak dapat diterima untuk beriklan. Hari ini, itu adalah praktek dibenarkan. Hal ini juga digunakan untuk menjadi keyakinan diterima bahwa sebuah perusahaan ac-menghitung memenuhi surat hukum hanya dengan mengikuti Wegener-sekutu prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku (GAAP). Setelah refleksi etis, bagaimanapun, perusahaan memiliki kewajiban etis untuk mendorong gambar keuangan yang lebih realistis, bahkan jika itu berarti melampaui GAAP? • Alasan keempat dan sangat penting untuk mempelajari etika adalah untuk memahami wheth-er dan mengapa pendapat kita patut holding. Socrates berfilsafat bahwa kehidupan teruji tidak layak hidup. Apakah Anda diperiksa hidup Anda? Sebagai seorang akuntan, apa tujuan dasar Anda? Apakah mereka yang kompatibel dengan nilai-nilai lain yang Anda miliki? Jika Anda harus memilih antara menjaga pekerjaan dan melanggar tanggung jawab profesional Anda, apa yang akan Anda lakukan? Ketika Anda bertanggung jawab untuk bentrokan keluarga dengan tanggung jawab Anda untuk pekerjaan Anda, bagaimana Anda menyelesaikan konflik? • Alasan terakhir untuk mempelajari etika adalah untuk mengidentifikasi prinsip-prinsip etika dasar yang dapat diterapkan untuk bertindak. Prinsip-prinsip ini harus memungkinkan Anda untuk de-termine apa yang harus dilakukan dan untuk memahami mengapa. Ketika Anda dihadapkan dengan keputusan tentang apa yang harus dilakukan dalam situasi yang sulit, akan sangat membantu untuk memiliki daftar pertanyaan dasar atau pertimbangan Anda dapat menerapkan untuk membantu menentukan apa hasilnya seharusnya. Di bidang teknik, kita harus belajar prinsip-prinsip pembangunan sehingga kita bisa menerapkannya untuk kegiatan tertentu. Dalam akuntansi, kita harus belajar prinsip-prinsip akuntansi sehingga kita bisa menerapkannya pada situasi tertentu. Jadi, juga, dalam etika, kita harus belajar prinsip-prinsip etika, yang mengatur perilaku manusia, sehingga kita bisa menerapkannya pada situasi etis sulit yang kita hadapi. Dengan demikian, kita dapat memastikan bahwa kami telah meneliti masalah ini secara memadai, menggunakan semua prinsip-prinsip etika yang tersedia.



















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