1. IntroductionInternational food t

1. Introduction
International food trade continues to grow steadily [1], and
notable chemical residue violations have stoked concerns about the
safety and quality of the food [2,3]. In response, regulatory agencies
and food companies are conducting more testing, particularly for
imports from developing countries, and the recently implemented
Food Safety Modernization Act in the US is also leading to more
food safety analyses [3,4]. Testing of foods by 3rd party labs worldwide has grown ≈50% in the past 5 years into a >$3 billion dollar
industry [4].
Despite the improved technology of modern advanced instrumentation, the determination of trace levels of pesticide residues in
∗
Corresponding author. Tel.: [phone]; fax: [phone].
E-mail address: [e-mail] (S.J. Lehotay).
complex food matrices still represents a challenging application for
analytical chemists. To meet monitoring needs, the qualitative and
quantitative analysis of hundreds of diverse pesticides at ≥10 ng/g
concentrations in hundreds of different commodities needs to be
achieved at reasonably low cost and high sample throughput. All
aspects of the workflow need to be streamlined as much as possible and still lead to demonstrated results that meet regulatory data
quality objectives.
For sample preparation, the most commonly used approach
in pesticide residue analysis is the QuEChERS method [5], which
stands for “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe.” QuEChERS is very flexible and the same final extracts can be injected in
both gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC), typically coupled
to mass spectrometry (MS) for detection. Different versions of the
approach have been validated and implemented by official laboratories that apply multiclass, multiresidue methods to achieve high
sample throughput [6,7]. Many companies currently sell QuEChERS

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

1. PendahuluanMakanan internasional perdagangan terus tumbuh mantap [1], danpelanggaran residu kimia terkemuka telah memicu keprihatinan tentangkeselamatan dan kualitas makanan [2,3]. Sebagai tanggapan, lembaga regulatordan perusahaan-perusahaan makanan sedang melakukan pengujian yang lebih banyak, terutama untukImpor dari negara-negara berkembang, dan baru saja dilaksanakanUndang-undang modernisasi keselamatan makanan di AS juga mengarah pada lebihMakanan keamanan analisis [3,4]. Pengujian makanan oleh laboratorium pihak ke-3 di seluruh dunia telah tumbuh ≈50% selama 5 tahun ke >$ 3 miliar dolarindustri [4].Meskipun teknologi peningkatan instrumentasi lanjutan yang modern, penentuan tingkat jejak residu pestisida dalam∗Sesuai penulis. Tel.: + 1 215 233 6433; Faks: + 1 215 233 6642.Alamat e-mail: [e-mail] (S.J. Lehotay).matriks kompleks makanan masih merupakan sebuah aplikasi yang menantang untukahli kimia analitis. Untuk memenuhi pemantauan kebutuhan, kualitatif dananalisis kuantitatif ratusan beragam pestisida di ≥10 ng/gkonsentrasi di ratusan komoditas yang berbeda perludicapai pada sampel cukup biaya rendah dan tinggi throughput. Semuaaspek alur kerja perlu dirampingkan sebanyak mungkin dan masih memimpin untuk menunjukkan hasil yang memenuhi peraturan dataSasaran Mutu.Untuk persiapan sampel, yang paling sering digunakan pendekatanAnalisis residu pestisida adalah metode QuEChERS [5], yangberdiri untuk "cepat, mudah, murah, efektif, kasar, dan aman." QuEChERS ini sangat fleksibel dan ekstrak akhir yang sama dapat disuntikkan dikromatografi gas dan cairan (GC dan LC), biasanya ditambahke spektrometri massa (MS) untuk deteksi. Versi berbedapendekatan telah divalidasi dan dilaksanakan oleh laboratorium resmi yang berlaku multiclass, multiresidue metode untuk mencapai tinggisampel throughput [6,7]. Banyak perusahaan saat ini menjual QuEChERS