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Literature reviewThe concept of relational marketing has emerged within the field of service marketing and industrial marketing ([8] Berry, 1983; [27] Jackson, 1985; [21] Gummesson, 1987; [13] Christopher et al. , 1991; [22] Gummesson, 1991). The phenomenon described by this concept is strongly supported by on-going trends in modern business ([50] Webster, 1992). [8] Berry (1983) viewed relationship marketing as a strategy to attract, maintain and enhance customer relationships. [46] Rapp and Collins (1990) argued that the goals of relationship marketing are to create and maintain lasting relationships between the firm and its customers that are rewarding for both sides, while [11] Blomqvist et al. (1993) offered the following key characteristics of relationship marketing: every customer is considered an individual person or unit, activities of the firm are predominantly directed towards existing customers, it is based on interactions and dialogues, and the firm is trying to achieve profitability through the decrease of customer turnover and the strengthening of customer relationships. [23] Gummesson (1993) concluded that relationship marketing is a strategy where the management of interactions, relationships and networks are fundamental issues.Relationship marketing is to establish, maintain, and enhance relationships with customers and other partners, at a profit, so that the objectives of the parties involved are met ([20] Gronroos, 1994). This is achieved by a mutual symbiosis and fulfillment of promises ([38] Ndubisi, 2003). The interaction and network approach of industrial marketing and modern service marketing approaches, clearly views marketing as an interactive process in a social context where relationship building and management are a vital underpinning ([4] Bagozzi, 1975; [50] Webster, 1992).
Marketing studies have theorized a number of key underpinnings of relationship marketing namely, trust ([36] Morgan and Hunt, 1994; [40] Ndubisi et al. , 2004), equity ([24] Gundlach and Murphy, 1993; [39] Ndubisi, 2004), benevolence ([12] Buttle, 1996), empathy ([39] Ndubisi, 2004), commitment ([36] Morgan and Hunt, 1994; [39] Ndubisi, 2004), conflict handling ([40] Ndubisi et al. , 2004), communication or sharing of secrets ([16] Crosby et al. , 1990; [36] Morgan and Hunt, 1994; [40] Ndubisi et al. , 2004) and competence ([40] Ndubisi et al. , 2004). In this study, we empirically examine the relationship among these constructs namely, commitment, competence, communication conflict handling, trust, overall relationship quality, and customer loyalty.
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