Vulvovaginal Pyogenic InfectionsVulvovaginal pyogenic infections include abscesses of Bartholin’s and Skene’s glands, infected labial inclusion cysts, labial abscesses, furunculosis, and hidradenitis. Most infections are related to both aerobic and anaerobic organisms arising from the normal vaginal and cervical flora. N. gonorrhoeaeis responsible for approximately 10% of these infections. The majority of nonvenereal abscesses are caused by anaerobic bacteria. Parker and Jones recovered anaerobes in 66% of 75 patients with such infections. Similarly, Swenson and associates recovered anaerobes from 10 of 15 patients with Bartholin’s gland abscess. Anaerobic streptococci and Bacteroidesspecies were cultured from these abscesses. The clinical course of such infections is indistinguishable from that associated with other pathogens. Brook 21,22 summarized the microbiology of 40 vulvovaginal infections, including Bartholin’s abscesses (26 cases), vulvar abscesses, vaginal abscesses and labial wounds (4 cases each), and labial cyst abscesses (2 cases). Aerobic bacteria only were recovered in 4 (10%), anaerobic bacteria only in 12 (30%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora in 24 (60%) (Table 1). There were 32 aerobic and facultative isolates (0.8 per site) of 71 anaerobes (1.8 per site). The average number of isolates was the highest in vaginal abscesses. The predominant aerobic organisms were E. coli, N. gonorrhoeae, and S. aureus. The most frequently isolated anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus sp. and Bacteroidessp. -lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) were isolated in 90% of the patients. The predominant BLPB were B. fragilisgroup and Prevotellaand Porphyromonassp., Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcussp. In diabetic patients, the inflammation can extend to deeper structures of the perineum, the lower extremities, or the back and cause extensive necrosis. Other pathogens in addition to Peptostreptococcusspecies and B. fragilisare S. aureusand facultative streptococci, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes. Therapy consists primarily of surgical drainage; antibiotics are of secondary importance. In the absence of bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility data, initial selection of drugs should include those effective against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of vaginal-cervical origin. Broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ampicillin or the cephalosporins are often useful. If -lactamase-producing anaerobes are suspected, however, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, metronidazole, imipenem, or a combination of a penicillin and a -lactamase inhibitor should be administered.
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