Poor physical fitness in middle age

Poor physical fitness in middle age may be linked to a smaller brain size 20 years later, according to a study published in the February 10, 2016, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

"We found a direct correlation in our study between poor fitness and brain volume decades later, which indicates accelerated brain aging," said study author Nicole Spartano, PhD, with Boston University School of Medicine in Boston.

For the study, 1,583 people enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study, with an average age of 40 and without dementia or heart disease, took a treadmill test. They took another one two decades later, along with MRI brain scans. The researchers also analyzed the results when they excluded participants who developed heart disease or started taking beta blockers to control blood pressure or heart problems; this group had 1,094 people.

The participants had an average estimated exercise capacity of 39 mL/kg/min, which is also known as peak VO2, or the maximum amount of oxygen the body is capable of using in one minute. Exercise capacity was estimated using the length of time participants were able to exercise on the treadmill before their heart rate reached a certain level. For every eight units lower a person performed on the treadmill test, their brain volume two decades later was smaller, equivalent to two years of accelerated brain aging. When the people with heart disease or those taking beta blockers were excluded, every eight units of lower physical performance was associated with reductions of brain volume equal to one year of accelerated brain aging.

The study also showed that people whose blood pressure and heart rate went up at a higher rate during exercise also were more likely to have smaller brain volumes two decades later. Spartano said that people with poor physical fitness often have higher blood pressure and heart rate responses to low levels of exercise compared to people with better fitness.

Spartano noted that the study is observational. It does not prove that poor physical fitness causes a loss of brain volume; it shows the association.

"While not yet studied on a large scale, these results suggest that fitness in middle age may be particularly important for the many millions of people around the world who already have evidence of heart disease," she said.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Kebugaran fisik yang miskin di usia pertengahan mungkin dikaitkan dengan ukuran otak yang lebih kecil 20 tahun kemudian, menurut sebuah penelitian yang diterbitkan dalam 10 Februari 2016, online masalah ® Neurology, jurnal medis dari American Academy of Neurology."Kami menemukan korelasi langsung dalam studi kami antara miskin kebugaran dan otak volume dasawarsa kemudian, yang menunjukkan dipercepat otak penuaan," kata penulis studi Nicole Spartano, PhD, dengan Boston University School of Medicine di Boston.Untuk penelitian ini, orang-orang 1,583 yang terdaftar di Framingham jantung belajar, dengan usia rata-rata 40 dan tanpa demensia atau penyakit jantung, mengambil tes treadmill. Mereka mengambil satu lagi dua dasawarsa kemudian, bersama dengan scan otak MRI. Para peneliti juga menganalisis hasil ketika mereka dikecualikan peserta yang mengembangkan penyakit jantung atau mulai mengambil beta blocker untuk mengendalikan tekanan darah atau masalah jantung; kelompok ini memiliki 1.094 orang.The participants had an average estimated exercise capacity of 39 mL/kg/min, which is also known as peak VO2, or the maximum amount of oxygen the body is capable of using in one minute. Exercise capacity was estimated using the length of time participants were able to exercise on the treadmill before their heart rate reached a certain level. For every eight units lower a person performed on the treadmill test, their brain volume two decades later was smaller, equivalent to two years of accelerated brain aging. When the people with heart disease or those taking beta blockers were excluded, every eight units of lower physical performance was associated with reductions of brain volume equal to one year of accelerated brain aging.The study also showed that people whose blood pressure and heart rate went up at a higher rate during exercise also were more likely to have smaller brain volumes two decades later. Spartano said that people with poor physical fitness often have higher blood pressure and heart rate responses to low levels of exercise compared to people with better fitness.Spartano noted that the study is observational. It does not prove that poor physical fitness causes a loss of brain volume; it shows the association."While not yet studied on a large scale, these results suggest that fitness in middle age may be particularly important for the many millions of people around the world who already have evidence of heart disease," she said.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Kebugaran fisik yang buruk di usia pertengahan dapat dikaitkan dengan ukuran otak yang lebih kecil 20 tahun kemudian, menurut sebuah penelitian yang diterbitkan dalam 10 Februari, 2016, edisi online Neurology®, jurnal medis dari American Academy of Neurology. "Kami menemukan korelasi langsung dalam penelitian kami antara kebugaran miskin dan volume dekade otak kemudian, yang menunjukkan penuaan otak dipercepat, "kata penulis studi Nicole Spartano, PhD, dengan Boston University School of Medicine di Boston. Untuk penelitian ini, 1.583 orang yang terdaftar dalam Framingham Heart Study , dengan usia rata-rata 40 dan tanpa demensia atau penyakit jantung, mengambil tes treadmill. Mereka mengambil satu dua dekade kemudian, bersama dengan MRI scan otak. Para peneliti juga menganalisis hasil ketika mereka dikeluarkan peserta yang mengembangkan penyakit jantung atau mulai mengambil beta blocker untuk mengontrol tekanan darah atau jantung masalah; Kelompok ini memiliki 1.094 orang. Para peserta diperkirakan memiliki kapasitas latihan rata-rata 39 mL / kg / min, yang juga dikenal sebagai puncak VO2, atau jumlah maksimum oksigen tubuh mampu menggunakan dalam satu menit. Kapasitas latihan diperkirakan menggunakan panjang peserta waktu dapat berolahraga di treadmill sebelum denyut jantung mereka mencapai tingkat tertentu. Untuk setiap delapan unit menurunkan seseorang dilakukan pada tes treadmill, volume otak mereka dua dekade kemudian lebih kecil, setara dengan dua tahun percepatan penuaan otak. Ketika orang-orang dengan penyakit jantung atau mereka yang memakai beta blockers dikeluarkan, setiap delapan unit kinerja fisik yang lebih rendah dikaitkan dengan penurunan volume otak sama dengan satu tahun dipercepat penuaan otak. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa orang yang tekanan darah dan denyut jantung pergi di tingkat yang lebih tinggi selama latihan juga lebih mungkin untuk memiliki volume otak yang lebih kecil dua dekade kemudian. Spartano mengatakan bahwa orang-orang dengan kebugaran fisik yang buruk sering memiliki respon tekanan darah dan detak jantung yang lebih tinggi ke tingkat rendah latihan dibandingkan dengan orang dengan kebugaran yang lebih baik. Spartano mencatat bahwa penelitian ini observasional. Ini tidak membuktikan bahwa kebugaran fisik yang buruk menyebabkan hilangnya volume otak; itu menunjukkan asosiasi. "Sementara belum dipelajari dalam skala besar, hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kebugaran di usia pertengahan mungkin sangat penting bagi jutaan orang di seluruh dunia yang sudah memiliki bukti penyakit jantung," katanya.