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Positive accounting theory (PAT) is concerned with explaining and predicting current accounting practices. This means that the focus is on understanding and explaining the techniques and methods that accountants currently use and why we have ended up with the conventional historical cost accounting system. Examples of PAT include:• explaining why firms select specific accounting policies• predicting which firms will oppose new or revised accounting rules• explaining share price reactions associated with accounting information releases. This approach can be compared with normative accounting theories that dismiss conventional historical cost accounting as being meaningless or not decision useful and prescribe the use of more ‘useful’ systems of accounting (usually) based on inflation adjustments. Examples of normative theories include:• specification of the preferred measurement system• theories as to the objective of general purpose financial reporting• defining elements of financial statements.
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