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Informal learningInformal learning means typically learning other than what takes place in formal, curriculum based education (Livingstone, 2001). It is often connected to action whose main aim is not learning(Beckett & Hager, 2002). An illustrative example is when an employee is guiding and discussing with a colleague how to solve an acute problem which has arisen at work. In the workplace learning experiences are part of daily actions. Participation in discussions about work-related problems results, on the one hand, in learning new things and, on the other, strengthens skills learnt earlier.The meaning of informal learning is given a broader meaning when learners, without a formal framework, make an effort to learn a task which interests them (Billett, 2001; Illeris, 2011).Learning in workplaces has often been classified as informal or incidental, which may be strengthened by the conception that learning in work situations is accidental, unorganized and valid only at the workplace concerned. In cases like this, people have not observed how learning at workplaces typically proceeds from one aim to the next just like in a school environment (Billett,2001). Placing informal learning solely outside the school environment can lead to stereotypical thinking. Colley, Hodkinson, and Malcolm (2003) studied both informal and formal learning and described them mainly as the minimum attributes to learning which are present in all learning situations. Formal learning always contains informal elements, and informal learning can include formal elements. The attributes of formal and informal learning are connected to each other in different ways in different learning situations. From the teacher’s point of view it is essential to recognize these attributes, and understand their mutual relationship and influence on learning.
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