noise signal is inverted by the uni

noise signal is inverted by the unity-gain feedback loop to become a differentiator
to the noise source.
The z-plane (like its analog counterpart. the s-plane) provides a convenient
vehicle for mapping a frequency transfer function. (See Appendix E.) Such a transfer function is typically characterized in terms of a numerator and denominator polynomial whose roots are referred to as the zeros and poles. respectively, of the transfer function. These zeros and poles can be viewed as a surface emanating from the plane. representing the magnitude of the transfer function. The surface is easily visualized as being a stretched rubber sheet pulled off the ground by tent poles located at the pole positions and being held to the ground by tent stakes at the zero positions. The magnitude of the frequency response is the level of this surface observed as we traverse the unit circle in the z-plane (or fro axis in the s-plane). Note that the noise transfer function (NTF). which is the frequency transfer function of that the noise transfer function (NTF). which is the frequency transfer function of the loop applied to the noise. has a pole at the origin and a transmission zero at dc= e. 0 = 0. so z = I). The pole zero plot of the NTF and the spectral response of the NTF along with a typical spectrum of the input signal are shown in Figure 13.26. Note that the zero of the noise transfer function is located at dc. and that in the neighborhood of dc. the quantization noise is suppressed by the NTF. Thus, there is no significant noise near do due to the NTF. while concurrently. the signal spectrum is restricted by the significant oversampling to reside in a small neighborhood around dc with a typical width of approximately 13% of the sample rate. The function of the reconstruction filter is to suppress the quantization noise outside the signal bandwidth. The sample rate at the output of the filter is reduced to match the reduced bandwidth of the now nearly noise-free signal. Additional improvement in noise suppression can be obtained by raising the order of the zero in the NTF of the loop. Many 5.-.1 modulators are designed with NTFs displaying dual or triple zeros. Since the NTF zeros set the output noise power to zero, it hardly matters what level of noise power is presented to the feedback loop. Consequently, most 1-.1 modulators are designed to operate with 1-bit converters with a number of very high performance modulators operating with 4-bit converters.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

sinyal derau terbalik oleh Persatuan-mendapatkan umpan balik untuk menjadi pembeda sumber kebisingan. Z-pesawat (seperti yang analog mitra. s-pesawat) menyediakan nyaman vehicle for mapping a frequency transfer function. (See Appendix E.) Such a transfer function is typically characterized in terms of a numerator and denominator polynomial whose roots are referred to as the zeros and poles. respectively, of the transfer function. These zeros and poles can be viewed as a surface emanating from the plane. representing the magnitude of the transfer function. The surface is easily visualized as being a stretched rubber sheet pulled off the ground by tent poles located at the pole positions and being held to the ground by tent stakes at the zero positions. The magnitude of the frequency response is the level of this surface observed as we traverse the unit circle in the z-plane (or fro axis in the s-plane). Note that the noise transfer function (NTF). which is the frequency transfer function of that the noise transfer function (NTF). which is the frequency transfer function of the loop applied to the noise. has a pole at the origin and a transmission zero at dc= e. 0 = 0. so z = I). The pole zero plot of the NTF and the spectral response of the NTF along with a typical spectrum of the input signal are shown in Figure 13.26. Note that the zero of the noise transfer function is located at dc. and that in the neighborhood of dc. the quantization noise is suppressed by the NTF. Thus, there is no significant noise near do due to the NTF. while concurrently. the signal spectrum is restricted by the significant oversampling to reside in a small neighborhood around dc with a typical width of approximately 13% of the sample rate. The function of the reconstruction filter is to suppress the quantization noise outside the signal bandwidth. The sample rate at the output of the filter is reduced to match the reduced bandwidth of the now nearly noise-free signal. Additional improvement in noise suppression can be obtained by raising the order of the zero in the NTF of the loop. Many 5.-.1 modulators are designed with NTFs displaying dual or triple zeros. Since the NTF zeros set the output noise power to zero, it hardly matters what level of noise power is presented to the feedback loop. Consequently, most 1-.1 modulators are designed to operate with 1-bit converters with a number of very high performance modulators operating with 4-bit converters.