Our comparisons of European and Asi

Our comparisons of European and Asian societies have shown that Europeans were not particularly privileged or advanced as late as theearly 1700s. At that time, a few areas in Europe (England, the Netherlands,
CHANGING THE PACE OF CHANGE 121

Belgium) were as productive as the core areas of China and India, but most areas of Europe lagged behind, as shown in Figure .5.2 (p. 86). European nations were still relatively late and small-scale competitors in the great Asian trading sphere that spanned the area from Japan down to the South China Sea and Indonesia, then across the Indian Ocean, up the Persian Gulf, and down the eastern coast of Africa. Europeans were forced to confi ne their trading with Japan and China to only a handful of sites distant from the capitals and had barely begun to penetrate the interiors of India and Southeast Asia. Only the Atlantic trade was dominated by Europe, and
that trade provided mainly silver and gold that Europeans carried to Asia to obtain the fabulous manufactures (ceramics, silks, cottons) and vital natural resources (pepper, spices, gems, and dyestuffs) of the far East.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Perbandingan kami masyarakat Eropa dan Asia telah menunjukkan bahwa orang Eropa tidak terutama hak istimewa atau maju selewat theearly tahun 1700-an. Pada waktu itu, beberapa daerah di Eropa (Inggris, Belanda,
mengubah THE kecepatan dari perubahan 121

Belgia) yang produktif bidang inti dari Cina dan India, tapi sebagian besar wilayah Eropa tertinggal di belakang, seperti ditunjukkan pada gambar.5.2 (ms. 86). Negara Eropa yang masih relatif terlambat dan skala pesaing dalam lingkup perdagangan Asia besar yang membentang daerah dari Jepang ke Laut Cina Selatan dan Indonesia, maka di Samudra Hindia, Teluk Persia, dan turun pantai timur Afrika. Eropa terpaksa XQWXN ne perdagangan mereka dengan Jepang dan Cina untuk hanya segelintir situs jauh dari ibukota dan hampir mulai menembus interior India dan Asia Tenggara. Hanya perdagangan Atlantic didominasi oleh Eropa, dan
bahwa perdagangan disediakan terutama perak dan emas yang dibawa bangsa Eropa ke Asia untuk mendapatkan manufaktur hebat (keramik, sutra, katun) dan penting sumber daya alam (cabai, rempah-rempah, permata, dan dyestuffs) dari Timur jauh.