Hypophosphorous, phosphorous & hydr

Hypophosphorous, phosphorous & hydriodic acid

Found this interesting info on our favourite acids:

HYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID
Boil water with phosphuret of barium. Part of the water is decomposed; a portion of the phosphorus combines with the hydrogen of the water, forming phosphureted hydrogen which escapes, and other portions produce hypophosphorous and phosphoric acids, by combining with its oxygen. These acids unite with baryta, the phosphate of baryta, which is insoluble, being left while the hypophosphite of baryta may be removed in solution by water.

To the solution of the hypophosphite gradually add diluted sulphuric acid, till no further precipitate appears; filter, that the sulphate of baryta formed in this manner may be separated; the solution contains the hypophosphorous acid.

The solution of the acid may be concentrated till it becomes viscid and crystalline. When subjected to an increased heat, the acid and water react upon each other; part of the acid acquiring oxygen from the water and also from another portion of acid which is decomposed, and producing phosphoric acid; while the phosphorus of the decomposed acid, along with the hydrogen of the water, form phosphureted hydrogen. All its salts are soluble; and it is a powerful deoxidating agent.

PHOSPHOROUS ACID
Phosphorous Acid is formed when phosphorus is inflamed in a smaller quantity of air than is necessary for its complete combustion, and even when phosphorus is exposed to the air at natural temperatures. It is mixed, however, with phosphoric or metaphosphoric acid. The process best adapted for preparing it in a pure state, was pointed out by Sir H. Davy. A piece of dry phosphorus is put into a tube retort, and bichloride of mercury in powder placed over it. On exposing the retort to heat, the phosphorus, as it rises in vapor through the bichloride, takes one proportion of chlorine from it, and a limpid fluid condenses in the receiver, a compound of chlorine and phosphorus. On mixing it with water. they mutually decompose each other, the chlorine combining with the hydrogen of a portion of the water, and forming hydrochloric acid, while the phosphorus takes the oxygen, and is converted into phosphorous acid; by heating the liquid till it becomes of a thick consistence, all the hydrochloric acid and most of the water are driven oft and the phosphorous acid, still combined with a portion of water, becomes a solid crystalline mass on cooling.

It has a sour taste and a disagreeable fetid smell. It reddens the vegetable blues, and when exposed to heat it is decomposed, a portion of phosphureted hydrogen being disengaged, and phosphoric acid remaining. It is a powerful deoxidating agent, and precipitates gold, silver, mercury, arid platinum in the metallic form.

HYDRIODIC ACID
Hydriodic acid gas is formed by the action of one part of phosphorus with ten of iodine and four of water. The iodine and water are put first into a very small glass-retort or flask, the phosphorus added, and a gentle heat applied with a spirit lamp. In a very short time, a brisk reaction commences, a slight explosion generally taking place within the retort from the heat produced inflaming a portion of phosphorus, and also from the disengagement of a little phosphureted hydrogen. Dense vapors are at the same time disengaged, and the hydriodic acid gas may be collected by displacement after these have been expelled. Water absorbs it as rapidly as hydrochloric acid gas, end it cannot be kept long over mercury, as this metal begins to act upon it whenever they come into contact, the mercury combining with the iodine, and leaving hydrogen gas. Phosphureted hydrogen is disengaged in considerable quantity towards the end of the operation; when it begins to come, it is recognized by the acid gas with which it is mixed producing with the air a whiter colored vapor than previously; the process should then be stopped to prevent it from accumulating. Fifty or a hundred grains of iodine, with the proper quantity of phosphorus and water, will be found quite sufficient, using a retort capable of containing about five or six ounces of water. Constant attention must be paid to this operation while it is going on.

A number of complicated changes take place during the preparation of this gas, from the reaction of the different substances mixed together and part of the newly formed products. Small cubical crystals may frequently be seen in the neck of the flask or retort employed; they consist of hydriodic acid and Phosphureted hydrogen, and are rapidly decomposed by water with effervescence, this fluid combining with the hydriodic acid. The hydriodic acid gas is produced by the iodine combining with the hydrogen of a portion of water which is decomposed, the oxygen uniting with the phosphorus.

Other processes for the preparation of hydriodic acid gas have been recommended, but there is none by which the beginner can prepare a small quantity more easily than that which has been described. There are several circumstances with respect to the Phosphureted hydrogen, and the other products that are formed at different periods of the process, according to the temperature applied, and the proportion of water employed, which require further investigation.

M. F. D’Arcet has proposed to prepare hydriodic acid gas in a very pure form by heating a solution of hypophosphorous acid, till it begins to give off Phosphureted hydrogen by decomposing water, after which it is to be cooled, and mixed with an equal weight of iodine. On subjecting the mixture to a gentle heat, the water affords hydrogen to the iodine, producing hydriodic acid gas, while its oxygen is transferred to the hypophosphorous acid.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Hypophosphorous, fosfor dan asam hydriodic Menemukan ini menarik info di asam favorit kami:ASAM HYPOPHOSPHOROUSRebus air dengan phosphuret barium. Bagian dari air didekomposisi; sebagian dari fosfor yang menggabungkan dengan hidrogen dari air, membentuk phosphureted hidrogen yang melarikan diri, dan bagian-bagian lain menghasilkan hypophosphorous dan asam fosfat, dengan menggabungkan dengan oksigen yang. Asam ini bersatu dengan baryta, fosfat baryta, yang merupakan larut, ditinggalkan sementara hypophosphite baryta dapat dihapus dalam larutan oleh air.Solusi hypophosphite secara bertahap tambahkan diencerkan Sulfuric acid, sampai percepatan lebih lanjut tidak muncul; Filter, yang sulfat baryta terbentuk dengan cara ini mungkin terpisah; solusi yang mengandung asam hypophosphorous.Larutan asam mungkin terkonsentrasi sampai ia menjadi lengket dan kristal. Ketika mengalami peningkatan panas, asam dan air bereaksi pada satu sama lain; Bagian dari asam memperoleh oksigen dari air dan juga dari bagian lain dari asam yang adalah didekomposisi, dan memproduksi asam fosfat; Sementara fosfor asam diurai, bersama dengan hidrogen dari air, membentuk phosphureted hidrogen. Semua garam yang larut; dan agen deoxidating yang kuat.ASAM FOSFORAsam fosfor terbentuk ketika fosfor meradang di sejumlah kecil udara dari diperlukan untuk pembakaran lengkap, dan bahkan ketika fosfor terkena udara pada suhu alam. Ini adalah campuran, namun, dengan asam fosfat atau metaphosphoric. Proses terbaik disesuaikan untuk mempersiapkan dalam keadaan murni, ditunjukkan oleh Sir H. Davy. Sepotong kering fosfor dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah tabung cekatan, dan bichloride air raksa dalam bubuk yang ditempatkan atasnya. Pada mengekspos cekatan panas, fosfor, terbit di Uap melalui bichloride, mengambil satu proporsi klorin dari itu, dan cairan jernih mengembun dalam Penerima, senyawa klorin dan fosfor. Pada mencampurnya dengan air. mereka saling membusuk satu sama lain, klorin menggabungkan dengan hidrogen dari sebagian dari air, dan membentuk asam klorida, sementara fosfor yang membawa oksigen, dan diubah menjadi asam fosfor; dengan memanaskan cairan sampai menjadi konsistensi tebal, Semua asam klorida dan sebagian besar air sering didorong dan asam fosfor, masih dikombinasikan dengan sebagian dari air, menjadi massa kristal pada cooling.Memiliki rasa asam dan bau bau yang tidak menyenangkan. Itu memerah blues sayuran, dan bila terkena panas itu adalah didekomposisi, sebagian dari phosphureted hidrogen yang terlepas, dan asam fosfat yang tersisa. Ini adalah agen deoxidating yang kuat dan presipitat emas, perak, mercury, gersang platinum berupa logam.HYDRIODIC ACIDHydriodic acid gas is formed by the action of one part of phosphorus with ten of iodine and four of water. The iodine and water are put first into a very small glass-retort or flask, the phosphorus added, and a gentle heat applied with a spirit lamp. In a very short time, a brisk reaction commences, a slight explosion generally taking place within the retort from the heat produced inflaming a portion of phosphorus, and also from the disengagement of a little phosphureted hydrogen. Dense vapors are at the same time disengaged, and the hydriodic acid gas may be collected by displacement after these have been expelled. Water absorbs it as rapidly as hydrochloric acid gas, end it cannot be kept long over mercury, as this metal begins to act upon it whenever they come into contact, the mercury combining with the iodine, and leaving hydrogen gas. Phosphureted hydrogen is disengaged in considerable quantity towards the end of the operation; when it begins to come, it is recognized by the acid gas with which it is mixed producing with the air a whiter colored vapor than previously; the process should then be stopped to prevent it from accumulating. Fifty or a hundred grains of iodine, with the proper quantity of phosphorus and water, will be found quite sufficient, using a retort capable of containing about five or six ounces of water. Constant attention must be paid to this operation while it is going on.Sejumlah perubahan rumit berlangsung selama persiapan gas ini, dari reaksi dari zat-zat yang berbeda dicampur bersama-sama dan bagian produk yang baru dibentuk. Kristal perkampungan kecil sering dapat dilihat di leher labu atau cekatan bekerja; mereka terdiri dari asam hydriodic dan Phosphureted hidrogen, dan cepat didekomposisi oleh air dengan buih, cairan ini menggabungkan dengan asam hydriodic. Gas asam hydriodic yang dihasilkan oleh Yodium menggabungkan dengan hidrogen dari sebagian dari air yang merupakan didekomposisi, oksigen yang bersatu dengan fosfor.Proses lainnya untuk persiapan gas asam hydriodic telah direkomendasikan, tetapi tidak ada oleh yang pemula dapat menyiapkan kuantitas kecil lebih mudah daripada yang telah dijelaskan. Ada beberapa keadaan Phosphureted hidrogen, dan produk-produk lain yang terbentuk pada periode yang berbeda dari proses, menurut suhu diterapkan, dan proporsi air yang digunakan, yang memerlukan penyelidikan lebih lanjut.M. F. D'Arcet telah mengusulkan untuk mempersiapkan gas asam hydriodic dalam bentuk yang sangat murni dengan memanaskan larutan asam hypophosphorous, sampai itu mulai melepaskan hidrogen Phosphureted oleh membusuk air, setelah ia akan menjadi didinginkan, dan dicampur dengan bobot yang sama yodium. Pada menundukkan campuran panas lembut, air memberikan hidrogen untuk yodium, memproduksi gas asam hydriodic, sementara oksigen yang ditransfer ke asam hypophosphorous.Itu bukan saya!