1. IntroductionIt is well known that the ‘‘digital revolution’’ has pr terjemahan - 1. IntroductionIt is well known that the ‘‘digital revolution’’ has pr Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

1. IntroductionIt is well known tha

1. Introduction
It is well known that the ‘‘digital revolution’’ has profoundly changed the usual modes
of communicating. The possibilities offered by the computer and by digitalization have, in
fact, made communication at a distance simpler, faster and economically accessible, and
have increased the number of potentially reachable interlocutors.
One of the themes that the literature has examined concerns the formal differences
between traditional face-to-face communication and communication via computer (for a
review cf. McKenna & Bargh, 2000), above all the impact that the use of computer-mediated
communication (CMC) has on an individual and group level.
Moreover, also the persuasive influence that computer-mediated communication could
exert assumes a particular interest, owing to the multiplication of information sources
present online, sources of which sometimes it is not possible to determine the effective
credibility (Flanagin & Metzger, 2000). It therefore appears to be of some interest, and
it is the purpose of this research, to try to understand better what differences exist between
face-to-face communication and that mediated by the computer in the elaboration of a
message with persuasive features. After a brief summary of the main contributions which
have emerged in the context of studies on computer-mediated communication and persuasive
communication, we will present the organization and results of the research.
1.1. Computer-mediated communication
The computer is a communication device which includes particular features which are
different from those which typically characterize face-to-face communication: it in fact
involves a communication which is non-present, asynchronous and useable by many to
communicate with many. Although the first ‘‘cues filtered out’’ approaches (Hiltz, Johnson,
& Turoff, 1986; Sproull & Kiesler, 1986) highlighted some negative aspects of communication
via computer, which was substantially judged to be an impoverished version
of face-to-face communication, later positions assumed by scholars have been orientated
towards the study of the specificity of the two systems of communication.
Towards the end of the eighties, two principal lines of research emerged which investigated
the meaning of computer communication: the Social Identity/Deindividuation perspective
(SIDE) (Spears & Lea, 1992) and the Social Information Processing perspective
(Walther, 1992).
The SIDE contributed to making it clear that the perception of belonging to a social
group, even a virtual one, in some way orients and restricts the way in which both one’s
interlocutors and oneself are perceived. Owing to the lack of clear clues about the identity
and personality of the interlocutor, participants in interactions via computer find themselves
in a situation of anonymity and thus tend to attribute greater relevance to the
remaining perceivable characteristics, particularly those that define social group. According
to Spears and Lea (1992), precisely the main factors traditionally considered responsible
for the process of de-individualization, namely the combination of anonymity and
immersion in a group, in reality can reinforce support and conformity to the norms of
the group. In fact, during communication via computer the positions within the group
tend to conformity and to be aggregated around polarised positions (Spears, Lea, &
Lee, 1990); and group norms are generated (Postmes, Spears, & Lea, 2000), whose constitution
is determined precisely by the condition of anonymity (Postmes, Spears, Sakhel, &
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1. PendahuluanHal ini juga diketahui bahwa '' revolusi digital'' yang sangat berubah mode biasaberkomunikasi. Kemungkinan yang ditawarkan oleh komputer dan digitalisasi memiliki, dalamBahkan, membuat komunikasi jarak jauh lebih sederhana, lebih cepat dan ekonomis dapat diakses, dantelah meningkatkan jumlah teman bicara berpotensi dapat dicapai.Salah satu tema yang literatur telah memeriksa masalah perbedaan formalantara tradisional tatap muka komunikasi dan komunikasi melalui komputer (untukTinjauan cf. McKenna & Bargh, 2000), di atas semua dampak yang menggunakan komputer-dimediasi.komunikasi (CMC) memiliki pada tingkat individu dan kelompok.Selain itu, juga pengaruh persuasif komunikasi komputer-dimediasi bisamengerahkan mengasumsikan minat khusus, karena perkalian dari sumber informasiSekarang sumber-sumber online, yang kadang-kadang hal ini tidak mungkin untuk menentukan efektifkredibilitas (Flanagin & Metzger, 2000). Tampaknya karena itu menjadi minat, danini adalah tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mencoba memahami lebih baik perbedaan-perbedaan yang ada antarakomunikasi tatap muka dan yang dimediasi oleh komputer dalam perluasanpesan dengan fitur yang persuasif. Setelah sebuah ringkasan singkat dari kontribusi yang utama yangtelah muncul dalam konteks studi komunikasi komputer-dimediasi dan persuasifkomunikasi, kami akan hadir organisasi dan hasil penelitian.1.1. komputer-dimediasi komunikasiKomputer adalah sebuah perangkat komunikasi yang mencakup fitur tertentu yangberbeda dari yang biasanya mencirikan tatap muka komunikasi: itu sebenarnyamelibatkan komunikasi yang bebas-sekarang, sinkron dan digunakan oleh banyakberkomunikasi dengan banyak. Meskipun pendekatan '' isyarat disaring '' pertama (Hiltz, Johnson,& Turoff, 1986; Sproull & Kiesler, 1986) menyoroti beberapa aspek negatif komunikasimelalui komputer, yang secara substansial dinilai tidak versi miskinkomunikasi tatap muka, kemudian posisi diasumsikan oleh para sarjana telah berorientasiterhadap studi mengenai kekhasan dua sistem komunikasi.Menjelang akhir tahun delapan puluhan, dua baris utama penelitian muncul yang diselidikimakna dari komunikasi komputer: perspektif sosial identitas/Deindividuation(SAMPING) (Spears & Lea, 1992) dan perspektif sosial informasi pengolahan(Walther, 1992).SISI berkontribusi sehingga jelas bahwa persepsi milik sosialkelompok, bahkan virtual satu, dalam beberapa cara orients dan membatasi cara di mana kedua dalamgan berbagai dan diri sendiri dianggap. Karena kurangnya petunjuk yang jelas tentang identitasdan kepribadian bicaranya, peserta dalam interaksi melalui komputer menemukan diri merekadalam situasi anonimitas dan dengan demikian cenderung atribut lebih besar relevansi dengansisa karakteristik dipahami, terutama mereka yang mendefinisikan kelompok sosial. MenurutSpears dan Lea (1992), justru faktor utama secara tradisional dianggap bertanggung jawabuntuk proses individualisasi de, yakni kombinasi anonimitas danperendaman dalam kelompok, pada kenyataannya dapat memperkuat dukungan dan mematuhi normakelompok. Pada kenyataannya, selama komunikasi melalui komputer posisi-posisi dalam kelompokcenderung untuk kesesuaian dan untuk dikumpulkan di sekitar terpolarisasi posisi (Spears, Lea, &Lee, 1990); dan norma-norma kelompok yang dihasilkan (Postmes, tombak, & Lea, 2000), Konstitusi yangditentukan justru oleh kondisi anonimitas (Postmes, tombak, Sakhel, &
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