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The frequency response of an LED is limited by its diffusion capacitance because of the storage of injected carriers in the active region of the diode. If the drive current is modulated at a frequency w, the intensity of the optical
output will vary as.
where I0 is the intensity emitted at zero modulation frequency and Teff is the effective carrier lifetime given by Eq. (4-15). Parasitic diode space charge capacitance can cause a delay of the carrier injection into the active junction,
and consequently could delay the optical output. This delay is negligible if a small, constant forward bias is applied to the diode. Under this condition Eq. [4-22) is valid and the modulation response is limited only by the carrier
recombination time.
The modulation bandwidth of an LED is defined in electrical terms as the 3-dB bandwidth of the detected electric power resulting from the modulated
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