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Finally, we expect regulatory choic

Finally, we expect regulatory choice between silence and talk to vary in light of the interdependence between the regulator and specific stakeholders. The rationale underlying this latter argument is two-fold. First, the more dependent a regulator is on its audiences--for example, because they have more influence on the regulator's political overseers, and are consequently better positioned to threaten its reputation, turf, and resources the more inclined will the regulator be to publicly account for its actions. Second, the regulator may be able to avoid public talk by shifting further discussions and negotiations with its opponents to a nonpublic venue (Schattschneider 1975). A regulator's communication with some audiences may involve informal talk, including negotiations behind closed doors. By undertaking negotiations behind closed doors, the regulator may be able to contain further expansion of conflict into the public arena, and to depoliticize the issue of contention. Needless to say, some audiences are more likely than others to be offered the opportunity to participate in such highly confidential processes, and to actually agree to do so. Regulated firms may be inclined to take part in such negotiations because they cannot afford a breakdown in their relationship with the regulator. Regulators operating in the same sector (e.g., banking, insurance, and securities) may tend to share this inclination, expecting that the regulator in question will reciprocate when requested. A regulator's attempt to shift negotiations with politicians, consumers, and the nonregulated industry to nonpublic venues may prove to be more challenging. The third hypothesis is thus:

[H.sub.3] A unified regulator is more likely to keep publicly silent when it enjoys greater control over those who are voicing claims in the public domain, and over the venue of further negotiations with these sources of opinion.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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Akhirnya, kami mengharapkan peraturan pilihan antara keheningan dan berbicara dengan bervariasi berdasarkan saling ketergantungan antara regulator dan stakeholder tertentu. Alasan yang mendasari argumen terakhir ini dua kali lipat. Pertama, tergantung lebih regulator adalah pada penonton--misalnya, karena mereka memiliki lebih banyak pengaruh regulator politik pengawas, dan akibatnya lebih baik diposisikan untuk mengancam dengan reputasi, rumput, dan sumber daya yang lebih cenderung regulator akan untuk publik tindakannya. Kedua, regulator mungkin mampu menghindari publik berbicara dengan menggeser diskusi lebih lanjut dan negosiasi dengan lawan-lawannya untuk tempat material (Schattschneider 1975). Regulator komunikasi dengan beberapa penonton mungkin melibatkan pembicaraan informal, termasuk negosiasi di balik pintu tertutup. Dengan melakukan negosiasi di balik pintu tertutup, regulator dapat mengandung ekspansi lebih lanjut konflik ke arena publik, dan untuk depoliticize masalah pertengkaran. Tak perlu dikatakan, sebagian pemirsa lebih mungkin daripada yang lain akan ditawarkan kesempatan untuk berpartisipasi dalam proses tersebut sangat rahasia, dan benar-benar setuju untuk melakukannya. Perusahaan diatur mungkin cenderung untuk mengambil bagian dalam perundingan karena mereka tidak mampu rincian dalam hubungan mereka dengan regulator. Regulator yang beroperasi di sektor yang sama (misalnya, perbankan, asuransi, dan efek) cenderung untuk berbagi kecenderungan ini, mengharapkan bahwa regulator bersangkutan akan membalas bila diminta. Regulator berusaha pergeseran negosiasi dengan politisi, konsumen dan industri nonregulated ke tempat-tempat material mungkin membuktikan menjadi lebih menantang. Hipotesis ketiga adalah thus:

[H.sub.3] regulator bersatu ini lebih mungkin untuk menjaga publik diam ketika menikmati lebih besar kontrol atas mereka yang adalah menyuarakan klaim dalam domain publik, dan lebih dari tempat negosiasi lebih lanjut dengan sumber-sumber ini pendapat.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Finally, we expect regulatory choice between silence and talk to vary in light of the interdependence between the regulator and specific stakeholders. The rationale underlying this latter argument is two-fold. First, the more dependent a regulator is on its audiences--for example, because they have more influence on the regulator's political overseers, and are consequently better positioned to threaten its reputation, turf, and resources the more inclined will the regulator be to publicly account for its actions. Second, the regulator may be able to avoid public talk by shifting further discussions and negotiations with its opponents to a nonpublic venue (Schattschneider 1975). A regulator's communication with some audiences may involve informal talk, including negotiations behind closed doors. By undertaking negotiations behind closed doors, the regulator may be able to contain further expansion of conflict into the public arena, and to depoliticize the issue of contention. Needless to say, some audiences are more likely than others to be offered the opportunity to participate in such highly confidential processes, and to actually agree to do so. Regulated firms may be inclined to take part in such negotiations because they cannot afford a breakdown in their relationship with the regulator. Regulators operating in the same sector (e.g., banking, insurance, and securities) may tend to share this inclination, expecting that the regulator in question will reciprocate when requested. A regulator's attempt to shift negotiations with politicians, consumers, and the nonregulated industry to nonpublic venues may prove to be more challenging. The third hypothesis is thus:

[H.sub.3] A unified regulator is more likely to keep publicly silent when it enjoys greater control over those who are voicing claims in the public domain, and over the venue of further negotiations with these sources of opinion.
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