Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
WNYC, the public radio station in New York, has an estimated listeningaudience of about 1 million people, but only 75,000 (7.5%)of their listeners send in money to support the station. Contributionsaccount for only 35% of WNYC’s budget. To avoid such a freerider problem in the United Kingdom, the national television station,the BBC, charges an annual licensing fee (currently around$230) to anyone who owns and operates a TV! The law is enforcedby keeping a database of addresses recorded when TV purchases aremade, and periodically a fleet of BBC vans scours the country withTV detection devices that can sense the “local oscillator” that operateswhen a TV is being used. If you’re caught without a license, thefine can run up to more than $1,600. A 2005 study of the file -sharing software Gnutella showed that 85%of users download files only from others, and never contribute theirown files via upload. The top 1% of Gnutella users contribute 50%of the total files shared, and the top 25% of users provide 98% of allfiles traded. The file -sharing software Kazaa now assigns users ratingsbased on their ratio of uploads to downloads and then givesdownload priority to users according to their ratings, thus discouragingfree riders. In 1994, the town of Cambridge, England, tried to provide a publicgood in the form of 350 free green bicycles scattered throughoutthe city. Users were expected to return each bicycle to one of 15stands after its use. Unfortunately, within four days of the scheme’slaunch, not a single bicycle could be found, most having been likelystolen and repainted a different color. The scheme ultimately costthe city about $20,000, thus posing the ultimate in literal “freerider” problems.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..