INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: CONTEXT, CHARACTERISTICSAND CONCEPTSThis section terjemahan - INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: CONTEXT, CHARACTERISTICSAND CONCEPTSThis section Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: CONTEXT, CHAR

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: CONTEXT, CHARACTERISTICS
AND CONCEPTS
This section of the chapter elaborates a little further on the structure of intellectual
capital. While you will find the idea of human capital and its contribution towards
economic growth and development discussed in the work of Adam Smith ([1776]/
1976), the current prominence of the knowledge economy as an idea can be
attributed to developments at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD) and World Bank during the 1980s and 90s.
The composition of intellectual capital
You will find lots of different attempts to identify the key components of intellectual
capital within the accounting literature. The OECD (1996), for example, has defined
intellectual capital as the economic value of two key elements: structural capital and
human capital. However, most taxonomies are a little broader. Some identify three
different types of intellectual capital: human, structural and relational, and others
present a four-component model consisting of market assets, human-centred assets,
intellectual property and infrastructure assets. Some models make the distinction
between internal and external elements. Sveiby (1997), for example, contends that
intellectual capital includes employee competence, internal structure and external
structure. Whereas internal structure covers things like patents, models and computer systems, external structure includes things like the company’s relationship with
its customers, trademarks and brands.
Other taxonomies begin to unpick what human capital in particular might involve.
Seminal work by Jan Mouritsen (see, for example, Mouritsen et al. 2001) suggests that
human capital incorporates employee knowledge, customer confidence, company
infrastructure and information technology. Mouritsen and colleagues (2001) explain
that the intellectual capital statements of companies tend to include aspects related
to ‘employee knowledge and expertise, customer confidence in the company and its
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INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: CONTEXT, CHARACTERISTICSAND CONCEPTSThis section of the chapter elaborates a little further on the structure of intellectualcapital. While you will find the idea of human capital and its contribution towardseconomic growth and development discussed in the work of Adam Smith ([1776]/1976), the current prominence of the knowledge economy as an idea can beattributed to developments at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD) and World Bank during the 1980s and 90s.The composition of intellectual capitalYou will find lots of different attempts to identify the key components of intellectualcapital within the accounting literature. The OECD (1996), for example, has definedintellectual capital as the economic value of two key elements: structural capital andhuman capital. However, most taxonomies are a little broader. Some identify threedifferent types of intellectual capital: human, structural and relational, and otherspresent a four-component model consisting of market assets, human-centred assets,intellectual property and infrastructure assets. Some models make the distinctionbetween internal and external elements. Sveiby (1997), for example, contends thatintellectual capital includes employee competence, internal structure and externalstructure. Whereas internal structure covers things like patents, models and computer systems, external structure includes things like the company’s relationship withits customers, trademarks and brands.Other taxonomies begin to unpick what human capital in particular might involve.Seminal work by Jan Mouritsen (see, for example, Mouritsen et al. 2001) suggests thathuman capital incorporates employee knowledge, customer confidence, companyinfrastructure and information technology. Mouritsen and colleagues (2001) explainthat the intellectual capital statements of companies tend to include aspects relatedto ‘employee knowledge and expertise, customer confidence in the company and its
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MODAL INTELEKTUAL: KONTEKS, KARAKTERISTIK
DAN KONSEP
Bagian ini bab ini menguraikan sedikit lebih jauh pada struktur intelektual
modal. Meskipun Anda akan menemukan ide modal manusia dan kontribusinya terhadap
pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunan yang dibahas dalam karya Adam Smith ([1776] /
1976), keunggulan saat ini ekonomi pengetahuan sebagai sebuah ide dapat
dikaitkan dengan perkembangan di Organisasi untuk Kerjasama Ekonomi dan
Pembangunan (OECD) dan Bank Dunia selama tahun 1980 dan 90-an.
Komposisi modal intelektual
Anda akan menemukan banyak upaya yang berbeda untuk mengidentifikasi komponen-komponen kunci dari intelektual
modal dalam literatur akuntansi. OECD (1996), misalnya, telah mendefinisikan
modal intelektual sebagai nilai ekonomi dari dua elemen kunci: modal struktural dan
modal manusia. Namun, sebagian besar taksonomi yang sedikit lebih luas. Beberapa mengidentifikasi tiga
jenis modal intelektual: manusia, struktural dan relasional, dan lain-lain
menyajikan model empat komponen yang terdiri dari aset pasar, aset yang berpusat pada manusia,
kekayaan intelektual dan aset infrastruktur. Beberapa model membuat perbedaan
antara unsur-unsur internal dan eksternal. Sveiby (1997), misalnya, berpendapat bahwa
modal intelektual termasuk kompetensi pegawai, struktur internal dan eksternal
struktur. Sedangkan struktur internal meliputi hal-hal seperti hak paten, model dan sistem komputer, struktur eksternal meliputi hal-hal seperti hubungan perusahaan dengan
pelanggan, merek dagang dan merek.
Taksonomi lain mulai membongkar apa modal manusia khususnya mungkin melibatkan.
Pekerjaan Seminal oleh Jan Mouritsen (lihat, misalnya, Mouritsen et al. 2001) menunjukkan bahwa
modal manusia menggabungkan pengetahuan karyawan, kepercayaan pelanggan, perusahaan
infrastruktur dan teknologi informasi. Mouritsen dan rekan (2001) menjelaskan
bahwa laporan modal intelektual perusahaan cenderung mencakup aspek-aspek yang berkaitan
dengan pengetahuan dan keahlian karyawan, kepercayaan pelanggan di perusahaan dan yang
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