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15.5.6 The Role of an Interleave,In
15.5.6 The Role of an Interleave,
In Section g.2, the various attributes of an interleave( are described. For transmis-
sion in a multipath environment. the primary benefit of an interleave, is to provide
lime diversity (when used along with error-correction coding). The larger the lime
span over which the channel symbols are separated. the greater chance that con-
tiguous bits (after deinterleaving) will have been subjected to uncorrelatcd fading
manifestations, and thus the greater chance of achieving effective diversity. Figure
15.19 illustrates the benefits of providing an interleave, time span 71. which is
large compared with the channel coherence time 1;1. for the case of DBPSK modu-
lation with soft-decision decoding of a rate K = 7 convolutional code, over a slow
Rayleigh-fading channel. It should be apparent that an interleave, having the
largest ratio of ToTo is the best performing (large demodulated BER leading to
small decoded BER). This leads to the conclusion that TIL171 should be some large
number—say, 1000 or 10.000 However, in a real-time communication system. this
is not possible because the inherent time delay associated with an interleave(
would be excessive. As described in Section B.2.1 for the case of a block interleave,.
before the first row of an array can be transmitted. virtually the entire array must
be loaded. Similarly at the receiver, before the array can be deinterleaved. virtually
the entire array must be stored. This leads to a delay of one block of data each at
the transmitter and receiver. In Example 15.3, it is shown that for a cellular tele-
phone system with a carrier frequency of 900 MI-11. a TIT„ ratio of 10 is about as
large as one can implement without suffering excessive delay.
It is interesting to note that the interleaver provides no benefit against multi-
path unless there is motion between the transmitter and receiver (or motion of ob-
jects within the signal-propagating paths). As the motion increases in velocity. so
does the benefit of a given interkaver to the error performance of the system.
(Don't use this as an excuse for exceeding a highway speed limit.) This is shown in
Figure 15.20. where part (a) of the figure shows a terrain that is mapped out with
attenuation factors fol. for a particular mobile communications link over a particu-
lar terrain. In the region between the points 4, and 4,, the attenuation factor is al.
Between the points d, and dz. the attenuation factor is r”. and so forth. Assume
that the points d, are equally separated by a distance Id. Part IN of the figure
shows an automobile that is traveling at a slow speed; as the vehicle traverses a dis-
lance Id. nine symbols arc emitted from its transmitter. Assume that the inter-
In Section g.2, the various attributes of an interleave( are described. For transmis-
sion in a multipath environment. the primary benefit of an interleave, is to provide
lime diversity (when used along with error-correction coding). The larger the lime
span over which the channel symbols are separated. the greater chance that con-
tiguous bits (after deinterleaving) will have been subjected to uncorrelatcd fading
manifestations, and thus the greater chance of achieving effective diversity. Figure
15.19 illustrates the benefits of providing an interleave, time span 71. which is
large compared with the channel coherence time 1;1. for the case of DBPSK modu-
lation with soft-decision decoding of a rate K = 7 convolutional code, over a slow
Rayleigh-fading channel. It should be apparent that an interleave, having the
largest ratio of ToTo is the best performing (large demodulated BER leading to
small decoded BER). This leads to the conclusion that TIL171 should be some large
number—say, 1000 or 10.000 However, in a real-time communication system. this
is not possible because the inherent time delay associated with an interleave(
would be excessive. As described in Section B.2.1 for the case of a block interleave,.
before the first row of an array can be transmitted. virtually the entire array must
be loaded. Similarly at the receiver, before the array can be deinterleaved. virtually
the entire array must be stored. This leads to a delay of one block of data each at
the transmitter and receiver. In Example 15.3, it is shown that for a cellular tele-
phone system with a carrier frequency of 900 MI-11. a TIT„ ratio of 10 is about as
large as one can implement without suffering excessive delay.
It is interesting to note that the interleaver provides no benefit against multi-
path unless there is motion between the transmitter and receiver (or motion of ob-
jects within the signal-propagating paths). As the motion increases in velocity. so
does the benefit of a given interkaver to the error performance of the system.
(Don't use this as an excuse for exceeding a highway speed limit.) This is shown in
Figure 15.20. where part (a) of the figure shows a terrain that is mapped out with
attenuation factors fol. for a particular mobile communications link over a particu-
lar terrain. In the region between the points 4, and 4,, the attenuation factor is al.
Between the points d, and dz. the attenuation factor is r”. and so forth. Assume
that the points d, are equally separated by a distance Id. Part IN of the figure
shows an automobile that is traveling at a slow speed; as the vehicle traverses a dis-
lance Id. nine symbols arc emitted from its transmitter. Assume that the inter-
0/5000
15.5.6 peran Interleave,Di bagian g.2, berbagai atribut interleave (dijelaskan. Untuk transmis- Sion di lingkungan multipath. manfaat utama dari interleave, adalah untuk memberikan kapur keragaman (bila digunakan bersama dengan koreksi kesalahan coding). Semakin besar kapur rentang di mana simbol-simbol saluran dipisahkan. semakin besar kesempatan yang mem- bit tiguous (setelah deinterleaving) akan dikenakan untuk memudar uncorrelatcd manifestasi, dan dengan demikian kesempatan lebih besar untuk mencapai efektif keragaman. Gambar 15,19 menggambarkan manfaat dari menyediakan interleave, rentang waktu 71. yang besar dibandingkan dengan waktu koherensi channel 1; 1. untuk kasus DBPSK modu- hal yang sanggat menarik dengan lembut-keputusan decoding tingkat K = kode convolutional 7, di lambat Saluran Rayleigh-memudar. Ia seharusnya jelas bahwa sebuah interleave, memiliki rasio terbesar ToTo adalah terbaik (BER demodulated yang besar menuju diterjemahkan kecil BER). Ini mengarah pada kesimpulan bahwa TIL171 harus sebagian besar nomor — mengatakan, 1000 atau 10.000 Namun, dalam sebuah sistem komunikasi real-time. ini ini tidak mungkin karena melekat waktu tunda terkait dengan (interleave akan berlebihan. Seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Bagian B.2.1 untuk kasus blok interleave. sebelum baris pertama dari array dapat ditularkan. hampir seluruh array harus akan dimuat. Demikian pula pada penerima, sebelum array dapat deinterleaved. hampir seluruh array harus disimpan. Hal ini menyebabkan penundaan satu blok data setiap jam pemancar dan Penerima. Dalam contoh 15.3, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk tele - selular telepon sistem dengan frekuensi pembawa 900 MI-11. TIT"rasio 10 adalah sebagai besar sebagai salah satu dapat menerapkan tanpa menderita keterlambatan berlebihan. Menarik untuk dicatat bahwa interleaver menyediakan ada manfaat terhadap multi- jalan kecuali ada gerakan antara pemancar dan Penerima (atau gerakan ob - Proyek turnkey dalam jalur menyebarkan sinyal). Sebagai gerakan peningkatan kecepatan. Jadi Apakah manfaat dari interkaver diberikan dengan kesalahan kinerja sistem. (Tidak menggunakan ini sebagai alasan untuk melebihi batas kecepatan highway.) Ini ditampilkan dalam 15,20 gambar. dimana bagian () dari angka menunjukkan Medan yang memetakan dengan faktor-faktor redaman fol untuk link komunikasi selular tertentu atas particu- Medan Lar. Di wilayah antara titik 4, dan 4,, faktor atenuasi adalah al. Antara poin d, dan dz. faktor atenuasi adalah r". dan sebagainya. Menganggap d, poin yang sama dipisahkan oleh jarak di bagian Id. gambar menunjukkan mobil yang bepergian pada kecepatan lambat; sebagai kendaraan melintasi dis- tombak Id. sembilan busur simbol dipancarkan dari pemancar nya. Berasumsi bahwa inter -
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
15.5.6 The Role of an Interleave,
In Section g.2, the various attributes of an interleave( are described. For transmis-
sion in a multipath environment. the primary benefit of an interleave, is to provide
lime diversity (when used along with error-correction coding). The larger the lime
span over which the channel symbols are separated. the greater chance that con-
tiguous bits (after deinterleaving) will have been subjected to uncorrelatcd fading
manifestations, and thus the greater chance of achieving effective diversity. Figure
15.19 illustrates the benefits of providing an interleave, time span 71. which is
large compared with the channel coherence time 1;1. for the case of DBPSK modu-
lation with soft-decision decoding of a rate K = 7 convolutional code, over a slow
Rayleigh-fading channel. It should be apparent that an interleave, having the
largest ratio of ToTo is the best performing (large demodulated BER leading to
small decoded BER). This leads to the conclusion that TIL171 should be some large
number—say, 1000 or 10.000 However, in a real-time communication system. this
is not possible because the inherent time delay associated with an interleave(
would be excessive. As described in Section B.2.1 for the case of a block interleave,.
before the first row of an array can be transmitted. virtually the entire array must
be loaded. Similarly at the receiver, before the array can be deinterleaved. virtually
the entire array must be stored. This leads to a delay of one block of data each at
the transmitter and receiver. In Example 15.3, it is shown that for a cellular tele-
phone system with a carrier frequency of 900 MI-11. a TIT„ ratio of 10 is about as
large as one can implement without suffering excessive delay.
It is interesting to note that the interleaver provides no benefit against multi-
path unless there is motion between the transmitter and receiver (or motion of ob-
jects within the signal-propagating paths). As the motion increases in velocity. so
does the benefit of a given interkaver to the error performance of the system.
(Don't use this as an excuse for exceeding a highway speed limit.) This is shown in
Figure 15.20. where part (a) of the figure shows a terrain that is mapped out with
attenuation factors fol. for a particular mobile communications link over a particu-
lar terrain. In the region between the points 4, and 4,, the attenuation factor is al.
Between the points d, and dz. the attenuation factor is r”. and so forth. Assume
that the points d, are equally separated by a distance Id. Part IN of the figure
shows an automobile that is traveling at a slow speed; as the vehicle traverses a dis-
lance Id. nine symbols arc emitted from its transmitter. Assume that the inter-
In Section g.2, the various attributes of an interleave( are described. For transmis-
sion in a multipath environment. the primary benefit of an interleave, is to provide
lime diversity (when used along with error-correction coding). The larger the lime
span over which the channel symbols are separated. the greater chance that con-
tiguous bits (after deinterleaving) will have been subjected to uncorrelatcd fading
manifestations, and thus the greater chance of achieving effective diversity. Figure
15.19 illustrates the benefits of providing an interleave, time span 71. which is
large compared with the channel coherence time 1;1. for the case of DBPSK modu-
lation with soft-decision decoding of a rate K = 7 convolutional code, over a slow
Rayleigh-fading channel. It should be apparent that an interleave, having the
largest ratio of ToTo is the best performing (large demodulated BER leading to
small decoded BER). This leads to the conclusion that TIL171 should be some large
number—say, 1000 or 10.000 However, in a real-time communication system. this
is not possible because the inherent time delay associated with an interleave(
would be excessive. As described in Section B.2.1 for the case of a block interleave,.
before the first row of an array can be transmitted. virtually the entire array must
be loaded. Similarly at the receiver, before the array can be deinterleaved. virtually
the entire array must be stored. This leads to a delay of one block of data each at
the transmitter and receiver. In Example 15.3, it is shown that for a cellular tele-
phone system with a carrier frequency of 900 MI-11. a TIT„ ratio of 10 is about as
large as one can implement without suffering excessive delay.
It is interesting to note that the interleaver provides no benefit against multi-
path unless there is motion between the transmitter and receiver (or motion of ob-
jects within the signal-propagating paths). As the motion increases in velocity. so
does the benefit of a given interkaver to the error performance of the system.
(Don't use this as an excuse for exceeding a highway speed limit.) This is shown in
Figure 15.20. where part (a) of the figure shows a terrain that is mapped out with
attenuation factors fol. for a particular mobile communications link over a particu-
lar terrain. In the region between the points 4, and 4,, the attenuation factor is al.
Between the points d, and dz. the attenuation factor is r”. and so forth. Assume
that the points d, are equally separated by a distance Id. Part IN of the figure
shows an automobile that is traveling at a slow speed; as the vehicle traverses a dis-
lance Id. nine symbols arc emitted from its transmitter. Assume that the inter-
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
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