Individual CompensationIn the presence of a competitive labor market,  terjemahan - Individual CompensationIn the presence of a competitive labor market,  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Individual CompensationIn the prese

Individual Compensation
In the presence of a competitive labor market, a player's maximum value would
theoretically be equal to his marginal revenue product (MRP). From the team’s
perspective, in the competitive labor market, the most it should be willing to pay a
player would be equal to his MRP. This aspect of compensation theory has applicability
in many areas, not just professional sports. For instance, Gomez-Mejia, Tosi, and
Hinkin (1987), in a study of executive compensation, provided the same explanation
for determining the “upper limit” a firm would be willing to pay an executive. In this
case, MRP was defined as the profit realized by a firm in excess of the amount
estimated under the alternative or next best executive. The lower limit, or least
amount an executive should accept, would be the next best offer or the amount he/she
could obtain in their second-best employment situation. They also note that in a
competitive market for executive talent, the MRP and second-best amounts converge
and executive compensation will equal their MRP.
From the player perspective, the least he should be willing to accept in salary should
be his next-best employment value, or reservation wage (Quirk & Fort, 1992). The
reservation wage for some players may very well approach the minimum salary set forth
in a collective bargaining agreement. The more competitive the free agent market, the
more convergent the reservation wage and the MRP should be. The more substitutes
that exist for a player's talent and the more players of equitable value available in the
market, the higher the bargaining power of the team can be. In such situations, the
consequent salary will be closer to the player’s reservation wage. The greater the
perceived uniqueness of ability or drawing power of the player (rarity and
inimitability), the greater his individual bargaining position, resulting in a salary closer
to his MRP. However, the dynamics of the salary cap can manipulate this situation.
Without a cap, in a truly free market, the reservation wage and the MRP would be
expected to converge. The actual effect is incongruent from what we expect in a free
market exchange because the salary cap, as an absolute limit to (aggregate) market
spending, can reduce the bargaining power of a player with respect to that of a team at
or near that year’s limit. This may serve to create and maintain a significant differential
between his reservation wage with a team that has more room under the cap limit – a
wage which may in fact be higher and closer to the player’s true market value.
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Individual CompensationIn the presence of a competitive labor market, a player's maximum value wouldtheoretically be equal to his marginal revenue product (MRP). From the team’sperspective, in the competitive labor market, the most it should be willing to pay aplayer would be equal to his MRP. This aspect of compensation theory has applicabilityin many areas, not just professional sports. For instance, Gomez-Mejia, Tosi, andHinkin (1987), in a study of executive compensation, provided the same explanationfor determining the “upper limit” a firm would be willing to pay an executive. In thiscase, MRP was defined as the profit realized by a firm in excess of the amountestimated under the alternative or next best executive. The lower limit, or leastamount an executive should accept, would be the next best offer or the amount he/shecould obtain in their second-best employment situation. They also note that in acompetitive market for executive talent, the MRP and second-best amounts convergeand executive compensation will equal their MRP.From the player perspective, the least he should be willing to accept in salary shouldbe his next-best employment value, or reservation wage (Quirk & Fort, 1992). Thereservation wage for some players may very well approach the minimum salary set forthin a collective bargaining agreement. The more competitive the free agent market, themore convergent the reservation wage and the MRP should be. The more substitutesthat exist for a player's talent and the more players of equitable value available in themarket, the higher the bargaining power of the team can be. In such situations, theconsequent salary will be closer to the player’s reservation wage. The greater theperceived uniqueness of ability or drawing power of the player (rarity andinimitability), the greater his individual bargaining position, resulting in a salary closerto his MRP. However, the dynamics of the salary cap can manipulate this situation.Without a cap, in a truly free market, the reservation wage and the MRP would beexpected to converge. The actual effect is incongruent from what we expect in a freemarket exchange because the salary cap, as an absolute limit to (aggregate) marketspending, can reduce the bargaining power of a player with respect to that of a team ator near that year’s limit. This may serve to create and maintain a significant differentialbetween his reservation wage with a team that has more room under the cap limit – awage which may in fact be higher and closer to the player’s true market value.
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Kompensasi individu
Dengan adanya pasar tenaga kerja yang kompetitif, nilai maksimum pemain akan
secara teoritis sama dengan produk pendapatan marjinal nya (MRP). Dari tim
perspektif, di pasar tenaga kerja yang kompetitif, yang paling harus bersedia membayar
pemain akan sama dengan MRP nya. Aspek teori kompensasi hanya diterapkan
di banyak daerah, tidak hanya olahraga profesional. Misalnya, Gomez-Mejia, Tosi, dan
Hinkin (1987), dalam sebuah studi dari kompensasi eksekutif, memberikan penjelasan yang sama
untuk menentukan "batas atas" suatu perusahaan akan bersedia membayar seorang eksekutif. Dalam hal ini
kasus, MRP didefinisikan sebagai keuntungan direalisasikan oleh perusahaan yang melebihi dari jumlah
yang diperkirakan di bawah alternatif atau di samping eksekutif terbaik. Batas bawah, atau setidaknya
jumlah eksekutif harus menerima, akan menjadi tawaran terbaik berikutnya atau jumlah ia / dia
bisa mendapatkan dalam situasi kerja terbaik kedua mereka. Mereka juga mencatat bahwa dalam
pasar yang kompetitif untuk bakat eksekutif, MRP dan jumlah kedua terbaik berkumpul
dan kompensasi eksekutif akan sama MRP mereka.
Dari perspektif pemain, yang paling ia harus bersedia menerima gaji harus
menjadi terbaik berikutnya pekerjaannya nilai, atau upah reservasi (Quirk & Fort, 1992). The
reservasi upah beberapa pemain mungkin sangat baik mendekati gaji minimum yang ditetapkan
dalam perjanjian kerja bersama. Lebih kompetitif pasar agen bebas, yang
lebih konvergen upah reservasi dan MRP harus. Semakin banyak pengganti
yang ada untuk bakat pemain dan lebih banyak pemain dari nilai yang adil yang tersedia di
pasar, semakin tinggi daya tawar tim bisa. Dalam situasi seperti itu,
gaji konsekuen akan lebih dekat dengan upah reservasi pemain. Semakin besar
keunikan dirasakan kemampuan atau daya menggambar dari pemain (kelangkaan dan
ditiru), semakin besar posisi tawar individualnya, sehingga gaji lebih dekat
ke MRP nya. Namun, dinamika tutup gaji dapat memanipulasi situasi ini.
Tanpa topi, di pasar benar-benar bebas, upah reservasi dan MRP akan
diharapkan untuk berkumpul. Efek sebenarnya adalah kongruen dari apa yang kita harapkan di sebuah bebas
pertukaran pasar karena topi gaji, sebagai batas mutlak untuk (agregat) pasar
belanja, dapat mengurangi daya tawar pemain sehubungan dengan yang dari tim di
atau dekat tahun itu batas. Hal ini dapat berfungsi untuk menciptakan dan memelihara diferensial signifikan
antara upah reservasi dengan sebuah tim yang memiliki lebih banyak ruang di bawah batas cap - sebuah
upah yang mungkin sebenarnya lebih tinggi dan lebih dekat dengan nilai pasar pemain yang benar.
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