DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONSThe purpose of this study is to derive a mea terjemahan - DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONSThe purpose of this study is to derive a mea Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONSThe purpo

DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONS
The purpose of this study is to derive a measure and its underlying dimensionality for the
investigation into the ethics of tax evasion. Eighteen items are presented which cover the domain
of tax evasion. Two of the original items are eliminated, resulting in sixteen variables that are useful
for this and future studies. In the final factor analysis, three dimensions are evident that focus on
different aspects of this important topical area. The three dimensions are (1) fairness, (2) the tax
system, and (3) discrimination. Future studies might focus on how these three dimensions of tax
evasion are perceived by different ethnic and demographic groups.
The study is limited in that only samples from six countries are examined. A wider selection
of countries might yield different results. However, the sample is fairly representative of several
major regions of the world, including Eastern and Western Europe, North America and Latin
America. The sample size – 1100 – is also sufficiently large to arrive at some conclusions.
The sample population – students – might also be criticized, since they might not be
representative of the total population. Such a criticism has some validity. However, this same
criticism could be made of the hundreds of other studies that have been conducted using student
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Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, Volume 12, Number 1, 2009
samples and published in major journals. Using student samples is a valid methodology, although
it is not without some drawbacks.
CONCLUDING COMMENTS
Several things have been learned from this study. For one, there is substantial support for the
view that tax evasion can be justified on ethical grounds in some cases. Also, some arguments are
stronger than others. Tax evasion is perceived as being most justifiable in cases where the system
is seen as unfair, where tax funds are wasted or where the government discriminates against some
segment of the population. The weight of the various arguments differs by region. Western
Europeans do not always place the same amount of weight on some arguments are do East
Europeans, Latin Americans or North Americans, which was expected. Different cultural, historical
and religious perspectives all have their influence.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank Marcelo Rossi, Christopher Lingle, Arkadiusz Bernal and Zeljko Sevic for their
assistance in collecting the data for this study.
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DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONSThe purpose of this study is to derive a measure and its underlying dimensionality for theinvestigation into the ethics of tax evasion. Eighteen items are presented which cover the domainof tax evasion. Two of the original items are eliminated, resulting in sixteen variables that are usefulfor this and future studies. In the final factor analysis, three dimensions are evident that focus ondifferent aspects of this important topical area. The three dimensions are (1) fairness, (2) the taxsystem, and (3) discrimination. Future studies might focus on how these three dimensions of taxevasion are perceived by different ethnic and demographic groups.The study is limited in that only samples from six countries are examined. A wider selectionof countries might yield different results. However, the sample is fairly representative of severalmajor regions of the world, including Eastern and Western Europe, North America and LatinAmerica. The sample size – 1100 – is also sufficiently large to arrive at some conclusions.The sample population – students – might also be criticized, since they might not berepresentative of the total population. Such a criticism has some validity. However, this samecriticism could be made of the hundreds of other studies that have been conducted using student11Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, Volume 12, Number 1, 2009samples and published in major journals. Using student samples is a valid methodology, althoughit is not without some drawbacks.CONCLUDING COMMENTSSeveral things have been learned from this study. For one, there is substantial support for theview that tax evasion can be justified on ethical grounds in some cases. Also, some arguments arestronger than others. Tax evasion is perceived as being most justifiable in cases where the systemis seen as unfair, where tax funds are wasted or where the government discriminates against somesegment of the population. The weight of the various arguments differs by region. WesternEuropeans do not always place the same amount of weight on some arguments are do EastEuropeans, Latin Americans or North Americans, which was expected. Different cultural, historicaland religious perspectives all have their influence.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to thank Marcelo Rossi, Christopher Lingle, Arkadiusz Bernal and Zeljko Sevic for theirassistance in collecting the data for this study.
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DISKUSI DAN PEMBATASAN
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh ukuran dan dimensi yang mendasarinya untuk
penyelidikan etika penggelapan pajak. Delapan belas item disajikan yang meliputi domain
penggelapan pajak. Dua dari item asli dieliminasi, sehingga variabel enam belas yang berguna
untuk ini dan masa depan studi. Dalam analisis faktor akhir, tiga dimensi yang jelas bahwa fokus pada
aspek yang berbeda dari daerah topikal penting ini. Tiga dimensi adalah (1) keadilan, (2) pajak
sistem, dan (3) diskriminasi. Penelitian selanjutnya mungkin berfokus pada bagaimana tiga dimensi pajak
penggelapan yang dirasakan oleh kelompok etnis dan demografis yang berbeda.
Penelitian ini terbatas hanya sampel dari enam negara yang diteliti. Sebuah pilihan yang lebih luas
dari negara-negara mungkin menghasilkan hasil yang berbeda. Namun, sampel cukup wakil dari beberapa
wilayah utama dunia, termasuk Latin Timur dan Eropa Barat, Amerika Utara dan
Amerika. Ukuran sampel - 1100 - juga cukup besar untuk sampai pada beberapa kesimpulan.
Sampel Populasi - siswa - mungkin juga dikritik, karena mereka mungkin tidak
mewakili total populasi. Kritik seperti memiliki beberapa validitas. Namun, sama
kritik bisa dibuat dari ratusan penelitian lain yang telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan mahasiswa
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Jurnal Hukum, Etika dan Peraturan Isu, Volume 12, Nomor 1, 2009
sampel dan diterbitkan di jurnal utama. Menggunakan sampel mahasiswa adalah metodologi yang valid, meskipun
itu bukan tanpa beberapa kelemahan.
PENUTUP
Beberapa hal yang telah dipelajari dari penelitian ini. Untuk satu, ada dukungan yang besar untuk
tampilan yang penggelapan pajak dapat dibenarkan atas dasar etika dalam beberapa kasus. Juga, beberapa argumen yang
kuat dari yang lain. Penggelapan pajak dianggap sebagai yang paling dibenarkan dalam kasus di mana sistem
dipandang sebagai tidak adil, di mana dana pajak yang terbuang atau di mana pemerintah mendiskriminasikan beberapa
segmen dari populasi. Berat dari berbagai argumen berbeda menurut wilayah. Barat
Eropa tidak selalu menempatkan jumlah yang sama berat pada beberapa argumen yang melakukan Timur
Eropa, Amerika Latin atau Amerika Utara, yang diharapkan. Budaya, sejarah yang berbeda
dan agama perspektif semua memiliki pengaruh mereka.
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Marcelo Rossi, Christopher Lingle, Arkadiusz Bernal dan Zeljko Sevic untuk mereka
bantuan dalam mengumpulkan data untuk penelitian ini.
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